Project – Theology of Division: Its Understanding and Implication on Church Growth in Okigwe District of AGN

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

The concept of division within the church has been a subject of theological inquiry for centuries. Historically, divisions have often been seen as detrimental to the unity and growth of the church. According to Paul’s epistles in the New Testament, particularly in 1 Corinthians 1:10-13, divisions are strongly discouraged as they lead to factions and weaken the collective strength of the church. This theological stance is echoed by contemporary scholars such as Miroslav Volf, who argues in “After Our Likeness: The Church as the Image of the Trinity” that unity is essential for the church to reflect the communal nature of the Trinity (Volf, 1998). In the context of the Okigwe District of the Assemblies of God Nigeria (AGN), understanding these theological foundations is crucial for addressing the implications of division on church growth.

The Okigwe District, like many other regions, has experienced its share of divisions, often rooted in doctrinal disagreements, leadership conflicts, and socio-cultural factors. According to a study by Nwankwo (2015), these divisions have had a significant impact on church attendance and membership retention. Nwankwo’s research highlights that when congregations split, the resultant smaller groups often struggle with resources and leadership, which can stymie growth and outreach efforts. This aligns with the findings of Barna Group (2017), which notes that church splits often lead to a loss of momentum and a decrease in community engagement.

The implications of division on church growth are multifaceted. On one hand, divisions can lead to a more focused and committed core group, as suggested by the “remnant theology” discussed by Brueggemann (2002) in “Theology of the Old Testament.” This perspective posits that a smaller, more dedicated group can sometimes be more effective in ministry and mission. However, in the context of the Okigwe District, this has not always been the case. Anecdotal evidence and local church reports indicate that divisions have more often led to weakened congregations and diminished influence in the community.

Furthermore, the theological understanding of division must consider the cultural context of the Okigwe District. In many African societies, including Nigeria, communalism is a significant aspect of social life. The work of Mbiti (1969) in “African Religions and Philosophy” underscores the importance of community and collective identity in African cultures. Therefore, divisions within the church not only affect the spiritual health of the congregation but also disrupt the social fabric of the community. This cultural perspective is essential for a holistic understanding of the implications of division on church growth in the Okigwe District.

Addressing the issue of division requires a multifaceted approach. Theologically, it involves a return to the biblical principles of unity and reconciliation. Practically, it requires effective conflict resolution strategies and strong, empathetic leadership. According to Lencioni (2002) in “The Five Dysfunctions of a Team,” building trust and fostering open communication are critical for overcoming divisions. In the Okigwe District, initiatives such as inter-church dialogues and joint community projects have shown promise in bridging divides and fostering a sense of unity.

The theology of division and its implications on church growth in the Okigwe District of AGN is a complex issue that requires both theological insight and practical strategies. By understanding the historical, cultural, and social dimensions of division, church leaders can develop more effective approaches to foster unity and promote growth. Future research could further explore the specific causes of division in this context and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of various reconciliation efforts.

• Statement of the Problem

The Okigwe District of the Assemblies of God Nigeria (AGN) has experienced significant challenges related to church growth, which can be attributed to various theological and sociocultural factors. One of the most pressing issues is the theology of division, which has manifested in doctrinal disputes, leadership conflicts, and congregational splits. These divisions have not only hindered the spiritual and numerical growth of the churches in the district but have also created an environment of mistrust and disunity among congregants. Understanding the root causes and implications of this theology of division is crucial for developing strategies to foster unity and promote church growth.

The theology of division often stems from differing interpretations of scripture and doctrinal beliefs. In the Okigwe District, these differences have led to significant conflicts among church leaders and members. For instance, disagreements over the interpretation of key theological concepts such as salvation, baptism, and the role of the Holy Spirit have caused rifts within congregations. These doctrinal disputes are not merely academic; they have real-world implications for the cohesion and effectiveness of the church’s ministry. When church members and leaders are divided over fundamental beliefs, it becomes challenging to present a unified message to the community, thereby impeding evangelistic efforts and church growth.

Leadership conflicts are another critical aspect of the theology of division in the Okigwe District. Power struggles and competition for leadership positions have often resulted in factions within the church. These conflicts are sometimes fueled by personal ambitions rather than genuine theological differences, yet they are often framed in theological terms to gain legitimacy. Such leadership disputes can lead to the formation of splinter groups and new denominations, further fragmenting the church community. The resulting divisions weaken the church’s ability to function effectively and diminish its influence in the broader society.

Congregational splits are a direct consequence of the theology of division and have a profound impact on church growth. When a church splits, it not only loses members but also resources and momentum. The process of rebuilding and healing after a split can be long and arduous, often leaving lasting scars on the community. In the Okigwe District, several churches have experienced splits over the years, leading to a decline in membership and a loss of trust among congregants. These splits also create a negative perception of the church in the eyes of the surrounding community, making it more difficult to attract new members and engage in effective outreach.

The implications of the theology of division extend beyond the immediate church community to the broader society. A divided church is less capable of addressing social issues and providing support to those in need. In the Okigwe District, where many people rely on the church for spiritual guidance and social support, divisions within the church can have detrimental effects on the well-being of the community. Furthermore, a divided church is less likely to engage in collaborative efforts with other churches and organizations, limiting its ability to make a positive impact on society.

Addressing the problem of the theology of division requires a multifaceted approach that includes theological education, conflict resolution, and leadership development. Church leaders and members need to be equipped with the tools to navigate doctrinal differences and resolve conflicts in a manner that promotes unity and growth. By fostering a culture of open dialogue and mutual respect, the Okigwe District can work towards overcoming the divisions that have hindered its growth. Ultimately, a unified church is better positioned to fulfill its mission and contribute to the spiritual and social well-being of the community.

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine the Theology of Division: Its Understanding and Implication on Church Growth in Okigwe District of AGN. The specific objectives of the study are:

1. To explore the historical development of theological divisions within the Okigwe District of AGN.
2. To analyze the impact of theological divisions on the unity and cohesion of churches in the Okigwe District.
3. To investigate the attitudes and beliefs of church members towards theological differences and their effects on church growth.
4. To identify strategies for promoting unity and reconciliation among churches in the face of theological divisions.

• Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. What are the key historical events that have contributed to the theological divisions within the Okigwe District of AGN?
2. How do theological divisions affect the unity and cohesion of churches in the Okigwe District?
3. What are the attitudes and beliefs of church members towards theological differences, and how do these impact church growth in the district?
4. What strategies can be implemented to promote unity and reconciliation among churches in the Okigwe District in light of theological divisions?

• Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is buttressed below:

Ho Theological divisions have no impact on the unity and cohesion of churches in the Okigwe District.

H1 Theological divisions have impact on the unity and cohesion of churches in the Okigwe District.

• Significance of the Study

The study of the theology of division and its implications on church growth in the Okigwe District of the Assemblies of God Nigeria (AGN) is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it provides a comprehensive understanding of how theological interpretations and doctrinal differences can lead to divisions within a church community. By examining the specific context of the Okigwe District, the study sheds light on the unique cultural, social, and historical factors that contribute to these divisions. This localized focus allows for a more nuanced analysis of the issues at hand, offering insights that can be applied to similar contexts within Nigeria and beyond.

Secondly, the study highlights the impact of division on church growth. Divisions within a church can lead to a decline in membership, as individuals may become disillusioned or feel alienated from the community. This can have a ripple effect, affecting not only the immediate congregation but also the wider community that the church serves. By understanding the specific ways in which division affects church growth in the Okigwe District, church leaders and members can develop strategies to address these issues and promote unity and growth within their congregations.

Thirdly, the study explores the theological underpinnings of division, examining how different interpretations of scripture and doctrine can lead to conflict. This is particularly relevant in the context of the Assemblies of God Nigeria, which, like many Pentecostal denominations, places a strong emphasis on the authority of scripture. By analyzing the theological roots of division, the study provides a framework for understanding how doctrinal differences can be navigated in a way that promotes unity rather than division. This is crucial for fostering a healthy and growing church community.

Furthermore, the study has practical implications for church leadership and governance. By identifying the factors that contribute to division and their impact on church growth, the study can inform the development of policies and practices that promote unity and cohesion within the church. This can include initiatives such as conflict resolution training for church leaders, the development of inclusive and participatory decision-making processes, and the promotion of a culture of open and respectful dialogue. These measures can help to mitigate the impact of division and support the growth and vitality of the church.

In addition, the study contributes to the broader field of ecclesiology, the theological study of the church. By examining the specific case of the Okigwe District, the study adds to the body of knowledge on how divisions within the church can be understood and addressed from a theological perspective. This can inform the work of theologians, church leaders, and scholars who are interested in the dynamics of church growth and division. The insights gained from this study can also be applied to other contexts, providing a valuable resource for those working to promote unity and growth within their own church communities.

Finally, the study has broader social and cultural implications. The church plays a significant role in the social and cultural life of the Okigwe District, and divisions within the church can have a wider impact on the community. By addressing the issue of division and its impact on church growth, the study can contribute to the promotion of social cohesion and harmony within the wider community. This is particularly important in a context where the church is a key social institution, providing not only spiritual guidance but also social support and community services. By promoting unity within the church, the study can help to foster a more cohesive and supportive community.

• Scope of the Study

The study examines Theology of Division: Its Understanding and Implication on Church Growth in Okigwe District of AGN.

• Operational Definition of Terms

Theology of Division: This refers to the study and interpretation of religious doctrines and beliefs that pertain to divisions within the church. It examines the causes, nature, and consequences of such divisions from a theological perspective, seeking to understand how these splits align or conflict with religious teachings.

Understanding: In this context, understanding refers to the comprehension and interpretation of the theology of division. It involves grasping the reasons behind church divisions, the theological arguments that support or oppose them, and the broader implications for the faith community.

Implication: Implication refers to the effects or consequences that arise from the theology of division. This can include the impact on church unity, membership, spiritual health, and overall growth. It looks at how theological divisions influence the church’s mission and its ability to fulfill its religious objectives.

Church Growth: Church growth refers to the increase in the number of members, the expansion of church activities, and the overall development of the church community. It can be measured in terms of numerical growth, spiritual maturity, and the church’s influence in the wider community.

AGN: AGN stands for Assemblies of God Nigeria, which is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in Nigeria. It is part of the global Assemblies of God fellowship, known for its emphasis on the work of the Holy Spirit, evangelism, and missions.

Cohesion: Cohesion in this context refers to the unity and togetherness of the church community. It involves the strength of relationships among members, the alignment of beliefs and practices, and the overall sense of solidarity within the church. Cohesion is crucial for maintaining a healthy and growing church community.

Project – Theology of Division: Its Understanding and Implication on Church Growth in Okigwe District of AGN