Project – Public Perception on the role of the Nigeria Police force in Mitigating Ethno-religious Crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

The role of the Nigeria Police Force (NPF) in mitigating ethno-religious crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State has been a subject of public debate and scholarly interest. The NPF, as the primary law enforcement agency in Nigeria, is tasked with maintaining peace and order, particularly in regions prone to ethno-religious conflicts such as Jos North (Alemika, 2013). However, public perception of the NPF’s effectiveness in this role varies widely, with some praising their efforts and others criticizing their approach and methods.

A study by Okiro (2015) found that public perception of the NPF’s role in mitigating ethno-religious crises in Jos North is largely negative. The study, which surveyed residents of the area, found that many believe the NPF is biased in its handling of such crises, favoring one ethnic or religious group over another. This perceived bias, according to Okiro, undermines the NPF’s credibility and hampers its ability to effectively mitigate conflicts.

On the other hand, a report by the International Crisis Group (2017) suggests that the NPF has made significant strides in recent years to improve its handling of ethno-religious crises in Jos North. The report highlights several initiatives undertaken by the NPF, such as community policing and conflict resolution programs, which have reportedly improved relations between the police and local communities.

Despite these improvements, there are still significant challenges facing the NPF in its role as a peacekeeper in Jos North. According to a study by Alemika (2013), these challenges include inadequate training and resources, corruption, and a lack of trust from the local community. These factors, Alemika argues, limit the NPF’s ability to effectively mitigate ethno-religious crises.

Public perception of the NPF’s role in mitigating ethno-religious crises in Jos North is mixed. While some studies suggest that the NPF has made progress in recent years, others argue that significant challenges remain. Further research is needed to fully understand the complexities of this issue and to develop effective strategies for improving the NPF’s performance in this area.

• Statement of the Problem

The problem of ethno-religious crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State is a significant issue that has been plaguing the region for years. The Nigeria Police Force (NPF) has been tasked with the responsibility of mitigating these crises, but public perception of their role and effectiveness is varied and often negative (Alemika, 2013).

The NPF has been criticized for their handling of these crises, with accusations of bias, corruption, and ineffectiveness frequently leveled against them (Akinola, 2015). This has led to a lack of trust and confidence in the police force, which further exacerbates the problem as community cooperation is crucial in crisis management.

The NPF’s approach to these crises has often been reactive rather than proactive, with the force typically responding to incidents of violence rather than working to prevent them (Ojukwu & Alemika, 2005). This has led to a perception that the NPF is not doing enough to address the root causes of these crises.

Furthermore, there is a lack of transparency and accountability in the NPF’s operations, which has led to a perception of impunity and a lack of justice for victims of these crises (Human Rights Watch, 2011). This has further eroded public trust in the police force and its ability to effectively mitigate these crises.

The NPF’s lack of resources and training has also been identified as a major problem. The force is often ill-equipped to handle these complex and volatile situations, leading to a perception of incompetence and inefficiency (Alemika, 2013).

The public perception of the NPF’s role in mitigating ethno-religious crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State is largely negative. This is due to a variety of factors, including perceived bias, corruption, lack of transparency, and a reactive rather than proactive approach to crisis management. These issues need to be addressed in order to improve the NPF’s effectiveness and restore public trust in the force (Akinola, 2015).

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine Public Perception on the role of the Nigeria Police force in Mitigating Ethno-religious Crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State. The specific Objectives of the study are:

1. To investigate the public perception of the role of the Nigeria Police Force in mitigating ethno-religious crises.
2. To assess the effectiveness of the strategies employed by the Nigeria Police Force in managing ethno-religious conflicts in the region.
3. To understand the challenges faced by the Nigeria Police Force in mitigating ethno-religious crises.
4. To evaluate the impact of the Nigeria Police Force’s actions on the overall peace and stability.

• Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. What is the public perception of the role of the Nigeria Police Force in mitigating ethno-religious crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State?
2. How effective are the strategies employed by the Nigeria Police Force in managing ethno-religious conflicts in the region?
3. What are the challenges faced by the Nigeria Police Force in mitigating ethno-religious crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State?
4. What is the impact of the Nigeria Police Force’s actions on the overall peace and stability in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State?

• Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is buttressed below:

H_o: The Nigeria Police Force does not assist in mitigating ethno-religious crises

H₁: The Nigeria Police Force assist in mitigating ethno-religious crises

• Significance of the Study

The study on public perception of the role of the Nigeria Police Force in mitigating ethno-religious crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State is of great significance for several reasons. Firstly, it provides an in-depth understanding of the public’s view on the effectiveness of the police force in managing and resolving ethno-religious conflicts. This is crucial as it can help identify gaps in the current strategies employed by the police force and suggest improvements.

Secondly, the study can serve as a tool for policy formulation and implementation. Policymakers can use the findings of the study to develop policies that enhance the role of the police force in mitigating ethno-religious crises. This could lead to more effective conflict resolution strategies, thereby promoting peace and stability in the region.

Thirdly, the study can contribute to the existing body of knowledge on conflict resolution and peacekeeping. It can provide new insights into the role of law enforcement agencies in conflict resolution, particularly in the context of ethno-religious crises. This can be beneficial for scholars and researchers studying similar topics.

Fourthly, the study can help in fostering better relations between the police force and the public. By understanding the public’s perception, the police force can work towards improving its image and building trust with the community. This can lead to better cooperation between the police and the public, which is essential for effective law enforcement.

Fifthly, the study can also have implications for training and capacity building within the Nigeria Police Force. The findings can be used to identify areas where the police force needs to improve, such as conflict resolution skills, community engagement, and understanding of ethno-religious dynamics. This can inform the design of training programs for the police force.

Lastly, the study can also provide a platform for dialogue and discussion on the role of the police force in mitigating ethno-religious crises. It can stimulate debate and encourage stakeholders, including the police force, the public, policymakers, and scholars, to engage in constructive discussions on how to enhance the role of the police force in conflict resolution. This can lead to the development of more effective strategies for managing ethno-religious crises.

• Scope of the Study

The study examines the public Perception on the role of the Nigeria Police force in Mitigating Ethno-religious Crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State.

• Operational Definition of Terms

1. Public Perception: This refers to the general consensus or understanding held by the public about a particular issue or entity. It’s the collective view or opinion of a group of people based on their experiences, interactions, or information they’ve received.

2. Role: In this context, ‘role’ refers to the function or part played by a person or organization in a particular situation or system. It’s about the responsibilities or duties assigned to a person or entity in relation to a specific context.
3. Nigeria Police Force: This is the principal law enforcement agency in Nigeria. It has the constitutional mandate to prevent and detect crime, to enforce the law, and to protect the lives and property of Nigerian citizens.

4. Mitigating: This term refers to the act of making something less severe, serious, or painful. It’s about reducing the intensity, seriousness, or harmful effects of something.
5. Ethno-religious Crises: These are conflicts or disputes that arise due to differences in ethnicity and religion. In many societies, these differences can lead to tension, violence, or even full-blown crises, often fueled by a lack of understanding, intolerance, or political manipulation.
6. Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State: This is a specific geographical region in Nigeria. It’s one of the 17 Local Government Areas of Plateau State, located in the central part of Nigeria. This area has experienced several ethno-religious crises in the past, making it a significant location for this study.

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Project – Public Perception on the role of the Nigeria Police force in Mitigating Etho-religious Crises in Jos North local Government Area of Plateau State