Full Project – Design and implementation of UAC billing system

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0     INTRODUCTION

Billing is the act of issuing bills for goods or services rendered. A bill is a printed or written statement of the money owed for goods or services rendered. Billing system can be done in two ways, namely manual method and electronic method. In a billing System, where the storage of data is done manually i.e. information is entered into record books. It is obvious that without technology there is no modernization, and modernization in turn brings about improvement in the quality of our lives. The invention of computer and some other related devices has no doubt brought improvement in the quality of life (Jacobson, 2017).

According to Helius (2018), a billing system is a combination of software and hardware that receives call detail and service usage information, groups this information for specific accounts or customers, produces invoices, creates reports for management, and records (posts) payments made to customer accounts. With digital bills, customers and suppliers can easily view their balance including a detailed breakdown of costs and make payments online.

Electronic billing improves efficiency and saves time while also reducing error rates. Historically, bills have been delivered through the mail. The process of data entry and invoice-generation, putting bills in envelopes, mailing those envelopes, and then waiting for them to be received is a very time-consuming and labor-intensive process. While time-saving is a major benefit, the reduction of manual labor on monotonous tasks allows finance employees to focus their time on more strategic activities. The shift from paper-based to electronic bills also inherently creates better organization and results in fewer errors (Mark, 2013).

E-billing is the act of issuing bills (that is a printed or written statement of the money owed for goods and services rendered.) electronically or automatically via computer. E-billing system is a networked database application. A database application is defined literally, as an application that collects data from users through an interface and stores it in a data file (on memory), to process, manipulate and retrieve for decision making. The e-Billing system has the capacity to illustrate and analyze the basic billing system and the main functionalities that surround the billing system from a business prospective and explains how each interacts to complete the billing cycle (Flutter, 2015).

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The United Africa Company of Nigeria (UACN) is a Nigerian publicly listed company based in Lagos. Its areas of operation include manufacturing, services, logistics and warehousing, agricultural and real estate. UACN’s food operations include UAC Franchising, UAC Restaurants and UAC Dairies. It also has equity stake in UACN Property Development Company, a quoted firm, CAP Plc, makers of Dulux paints and Portland Paints, manufacturers of Sandtex paints.

UAC Nigeria also known as UACN was first incorporated in Nigeria under the name Nigerian Motors Ltd on April 22, 1931 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the United Africa Company Ltd, the firm that later became UAC International (UACI). UAC International, a subsidiary of Unilever, included in its business, the trading activities formerly carried on by a number of other companies including The Niger Company Ltd. and the African and Eastern Trade Corporation Ltd, all of which had long-standing trading links with West Africa. Another four locations in Ghana. In 2013, Famous Brands, South Africa, bought a 49% stake in the chain.

The restaurant is known for its red and yellow colour scheme and meat pies. Mr Bigg’s history begins with the coffee shops inside Kingsway Department Stores in the 1960s. In 1973, these shops were rebranded as Kingsway Rendezvous, which became Mr Bigg’s in 1986 (Wikipedia, 2019).

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The manual method of billing, storage and retrieval of customer’s information and computation could be strenuous and time-consuming. It may involve dedicating a person, people or department of the firm to handle this task. Performance computation on the part of staff could be stressful. The E-billing System focuses on how to ease the problems of retrieval of customers’ data when billing is made.

1.3     OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to design and implement UAC billing system. The objectives of this study are stated as follows:

To make sure sales data is not duplicated.

• To be able to access data from any computer system connected to the database server.
• To keep records of sales volume, stock list and summary report.
• Store data as long as possible.
• To be able to find and print previously saved invoices.
• Provide easy backup of data which can be used at another location.
• To curb every error made in a manual or handwritten billing system.

1.4     SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

The significance of this study is to use object oriented development processes and techniques in the automation of a billing system. The result of the design will serve a multi-purpose function of easing sales amount calculation, store sales amount record, keep inventory of the process and also serves as point of reference during organizations’ financial auditing process.

1.5     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is limited to the human and material resources available to the organization of study. It specially focus on the development of an SQL database and Javascript front-end in managing sales in Mr. Biggs Fast Food Restaurant, a subsidiary of United African Company of Nigeria.

1.6     LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The limitation of the study is time and financial constraint in that there was limited time allocated for the execution of this study as well as inadequate finance was available to cover a broader scope in this study.

1.7     DEFINITION OF TERMS

Internet: It is a “network of networks” that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, etc. which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other resources of the World Wide Web (www).

Web: The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext document accessed via the internet.

Web browser: A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text, images, video, music and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network.

Website: A website (alternatively, web site ) is a collection of web pages, images, video or other digital assists that is hosted on one or more web servers, usually accessible via the internet.

Web page: A web page or webpage is a resource of information that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser. This information is usually in HTML or XHTML format, and may provide navigation to other web pages via hypertext links.

Localhost: Localhost is a software program that facilitates access to peer-to-peer virtual file system via Bit Torrent protocol.

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Full Project – Design and implementation of UAC billing system