Full Project – An investigation into the management and utilization of biological gardens in tertiary institution

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Biology is the study of life, it deals with plants (flora) and animals (fauna). Thus, the establishment of biological garden enhances the comprehensive and scientific study of plant and animal in their natural environment. Biological garden may be either biological or zoological or a combination of both. Biological garden is a place where various spices of animal are kept for scientific, educational, commercial and recreational purposes. Animal of biological interest, especially the one facing danger of extinction are preserve there. Sarojini (2015).

Biological garden on the other hand is a portion of land set aside for the cultivation of diversity of plant species. These plant species could be for ornamental medicinal, economic plants or trees. Biological garden as a controlled and staffed institution for the collection and maintenance of living things under scientific management for the purpose of education research and recreation. The first recorded Biological garden was found in Italy between 16th and 17th centuries. The oldest biological garden was the one established by the University of Pisa by Lucca ghini in 2018. Other biological gardens that were established and biological dell university garden established in 2017. In Nigeria, the oldest biological garden is the university of Ibadan garden established in 2018. Maintained that the origin of modern biological garden can be traced to gardens established in European countries such as Holland, Spain, Portugal and Britain who used gardens to test the economically important plants available in those countries for possible exploration. With rapid rise of European imperialism in the late 18th century, biological gardens were established in the tropic, of which Nigeria is one of the countries that benefited. Blair and Ballard (2016), Panda (2016), Florence (2015) and Steere (2015).

The learning of science is rooted in observation of the real world leading to questions, hypothesis, predictions, and experiments. Outdoor laboratory or biological garden provides one of the opportunities in a science curriculum where students quite literally observe the real world and use it as the basis for scientific inquiry. Students collaborate in learning activities that are relevant and enable them to learn in a positive way. Over the past few years, there has been a steady and accelerated trend for biologist to become increasingly specialized to a point where a molecular biologist may be isolated from an ecologist and vice versa. Thus fragmentation is now being pictured in school biology teaching where student learn bit of biology such that the learner isolate the content from each other. The use of biological garden in the teaching and learning of biology enable integration of different elements of biology and shows how the different areas of biology are interrelated. Conley (2017).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Teaching and learning of Biology in schools has been reported to face some setback some of which are teachers method of teaching, motivation, lack of human and material resources e.t.c. (Emmanuel and Jonathan, 1999).

Lack of adequate and suitable biological garden which provides an opportunity for the students in biology Individual characteristics such as attitude and perceptions towards school environment, involvement in class activity and the level of motivation have also been found to have a paramount impact on academic achievement (Connoly, et al,1998; Veenstra and Kuyper,2004).

These shows amalgamation of different factors on a child’s academic performance that need to be taken care of by all the stakeholders for good academic achievement. In view of these, researchers in science education have continually sought for better teaching and learning method of biology that will enhance student performance, retention, interest bridge the gender gap in male and female students performance and retention in biology.

Taking student out of the classroom to learn is an essential strategy for learning biology. Learning outside the classroom is a tour undertaken by both students and

teachers into the natural environment of the organism in order to study its physical characteristics. Plant and animal species are observed in the natural environment in order to exposed the detail of its general characteristics. Students are expected to carry along their written materials to jot down important event or observation made in the courses of the study. Students are equally expected to give a formal report for their observation and discoveries in the zoological garden. (Nwachukwu, et al 2011).

Therefore, against this backdrop it becomes important to investigate the status of biological garden in tertiary institutions in Kano state.

1.3 Purpose of the study

The purpose of the study is to investigate the status of biological garden in Tertiary Institutions.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study were:-

1. Determining the adequacy of plants species in the garden.
2. Determining the adequacy of animals’ species in the garden.

• To find out how biological garden approach to the teaching of Biology was being implemented in the classroom setting.

1. To find out the availability and reliability of the resources and physical facilities present in FCE Ecological garden.
2. To come out with proposals that will attract all stakeholders of the gardens to invest into the gardens activities.
3. To come out with proposals that will highlight the efficiency of managing the gardens.

1.5 Research Questions

The following research questions guided the study:

1. How adequate are the plant species in biological garden in tertiary institutions in F.C.E Kano?
2. How adequate are the animal species in biological garden in tertiary institutions in F.C.E Kano?

• How does biological garden approach to teaching of Biology was being implemented in the classroom setting?

1. What is the availability and reliability of the resources and physical facilities present in FCE Ecological garden?
2. What are proposals that will attract all stakeholders of the gardens to invest into the gardens activities?
3. What are proposals that will highlight the efficiency of managing the gardens?

1.6 Significance of the Study

1. The research project was carried out to help the student and other people of this institution to identify, understand and the student’s perception of biological garden for effective teaching and learning of biology.
2. It will also serve as a research material or framework to those who will want to undertake a similar research work in future.

iii. Furthermore, the finding of the study will be useful to the governments, researchers, research departments of various units under schools of science education administration as well as any student’s worldwide undertaking future research along this line.

1. This study will be of great importance to the society as well as the nation at large because of its scientific, social, economic, and technological value particularly the students as their reasoning faculty and their creative skills may be improved through effective methods of teaching.

1.7 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study aims to investigate the status of Tertiary Institutions. The study was particularly limited to the science students of Federal College of Education (F.C.E) Kano. In getting information for the study, the research work will cover the area of science education.

There are 170 Universities in Nigeria including Federal state and private, 152 colleges, and 132 polytechnics, but our research is limited to Federal College of Education, Kano.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Status: the position of something or someone in relation to another or others,

Fragmentation: describes a separating of something into pieces

Biological garden: The garden is generally defined as a place for growing flowers, fruits or vegetables. But biological or biological garden is an educational institution for scientific workers and general public or layman to awake and enlightened interest in plant life.

Tertiary institution:  is the educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education.

Negligence: failure to take proper care over something. 

Credence: belief in or acceptance of something as true.

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Full Project – An investigation into the management and utilization of biological gardens in tertiary institution