Full Project – DANGERS OF PRE-MARITAL SEX IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL. A CASE STUDY OF ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL (AMAC)

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ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to examine dangers of pre-marital sex in primary and secondary school in Abuja Municipal Area Council. Specifically, the study examined the factors responsible for primary and secondary school students involvement in pre- marital sex. The study also evaluated the dangers of premarital sex among primary and secondary school students. Lastly, the study recommends solutions to premarital sex among primary and secondary school students. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. A total of 30 responses were validated from the survey. From the responses obtained and analyzed, the findings revealed that pressure, economic reason, parental influence and search for academic advantage are some of the causes of pre-marital sex among primary and secondary school student. Also, some of the effect of pre marital sex among primary and secondary school students is unplanned pregnancy, school dropout, victims of rituals and Poor academic performance. Lastly, some of the way to curb pre marital sex among primary and secondary school students is that counselors should constantly be in contact with the youths to educate them on sexuality, parents should provide the necessary materials for their children in order to discourage premarital NextHealth educators should work in collaboration with the curriculum designers in the primary and secondary school education and Sensitization on the effect of pre marital sex. The study thereby recommend that parents should endeavour to provide the necessary materials for their children in order to discourage them from premarital sex among in-school adolescents. Parents should ensure that useful pieces of information on sexuality are provided for adolescents at home in order to guide them against been influenced by destructive information from friends and media.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Pre-marital sex among primary and secondary school students has been a topic of concern for many years. The risks associated with this behavior are numerous and can have long-lasting effects on the individuals involved (Smith, 2010).

Sex is a term that is universally used so you would expect a good amount to be known about it. This is in part because the majority of societies regulate sexual activity. The family unit is the place where sexual activity or interactions are scheduled to occur between two sexes. Premarital sexual sex isn’t restricted to only young couples and a lot of couples who aren’t married are at risk of pre-marital sexual relations. This is evident from the number of unintended pregnanciesthat end up in back street clinics. Alo (2008) reported that there’s a high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases between the ages of 15-24, and that the increasing percentage of girls leaving school due to unplanned pregnancy, is the result of premarital and sexual sex.

One of the most significant dangers is the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), young people, particularly those in school, are at a high risk of contracting STIs due to their engagement in risky sexual behaviors (WHO, 2018).

Another danger is the risk of early and unintended pregnancies. The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) reports that adolescent pregnancies are a global problem that occurs in high, middle, and low-income countries (UNFPA, 2015). Around the world, adolescent pregnancies are more likely to occur in marginalized communities, often driven by poverty and lack of education and employment opportunities.

Moreover, pre-marital sex in primary and secondary schools can lead to emotional and psychological issues. According to a study by Jones (2012), adolescents who engage in pre-marital sex often experience feelings of regret, guilt, and shame, which can lead to depression and other mental health issues.

Again, pre-marital sex can lead to academic problems. A study by Brown and L’Engle (2009) found that students who engage in sexual activity are more likely to have lower academic performance than those who abstain.

The dangers of pre-marital sex in primary and secondary schools are numerous and can have significant impacts on the individuals involved. Therefore, it is crucial to provide comprehensive sex education in schools to help students understand the risks associated with pre-marital sex and to promote safe and responsible sexual behaviors.

The lack of economic and social opportunities for women, girls and their families, as well as the pressures put on them, in conjunction with the gender gap, which is referred to be the cause of exits from the educational system. Mensch as well as Lioyd (1998) stated that there are a variety of outcomes from unsatisfactory schooling bad academic results and a reluctance to or a preference for, the early years of childhood.

In the study of Mensch as well as Lioyd (1999) the pregnant women are often believed to affect the educational progress of adolescents, and the teenage reproductive behaviors could be linked to school achievement, given that several of the same issues can cause dropping out and early child carrying.

Zabin as well as Kiragu (1998) They believe they believe that within sub-saharan African schools, they could increase the likelihood of sexual initiation, particularly because it is a way of removing youngsters from the oversight of their traditional caregivers. In the end, increasing numbers of adolescents are forced to navigate sexual maturation and participation in a completely different setting that is different from the previous generations.

Alongside the increasing trend in the age at which marriage is legally binding as well as the rise in the age of the first sexual activity among women in their teens is either the same or increased. However, Mensch etal (2006) stated that there has been a shift in several countries toward an increase in the number of women who have sex prior to marriage at the time that an adolescents are still attending school.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The issue of pre-marital sex among primary and secondary school students has become a significant concern in recent years. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that adolescents, particularly those in school, are increasingly engaging in sexual activities at an early age (WHO, 2018). This trend is alarming as it exposes these young individuals to various health and social risks.

One of the primary dangers associated with pre-marital sex among school students is the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), young people aged 15–24 years account for half of all new STIs, despite representing just 25% of the sexually experienced population (CDC, 2018).

Another significant concern is the risk of unintended pregnancies. The Guttmacher Institute (2016) states that each year, an estimated 21 million girls aged 15 to 19 years in developing regions become pregnant, and approximately 12 million of them give birth. Such early pregnancies can lead to severe health complications for both the mother and the child.

The psychological implications of pre-marital sex among school students cannot be overlooked. Engaging in sexual activities at an early age can lead to feelings of guilt, anxiety, and depression (Bersamin et al., 2005). These emotional disturbances can adversely affect a student’s academic performance and overall well-being.

Furthermore, pre-marital sex among school students often leads to social consequences, such as stigmatization and school dropout, particularly for girls who become pregnant (UNESCO, 2018). This situation not only affects the individuals involved but also has broader implications for society, including increased poverty and reduced economic productivity.

Despite these risks, many school students lack comprehensive sexual education, which is crucial for making informed decisions about their sexual behavior (UNESCO, 2018). This gap in knowledge further exacerbates the problem, making it a pressing issue that needs immediate attention and intervention.

• OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The general objective of the study is to examine dangers of pre-marital sex in primary and secondary schoolin Abuja Municipal Area Council. The specific objective is as follows

1. To examine the factors responsible for primary and secondary school students involvement in pre- marital sex.
2. To evaluate the dangers of premarital sex among primary and secondary school students.
3. To recommend solutions to premarital sex among primary and secondary school students.
   • RESEARCH QUESTION

The following questions have been prepared for the study

• What are the factors responsible for primary and secondary school students involvement in pre- marital sex?
• What are the dangers of premarital sex among primary and secondary school students?
• How can premarital sex among primary and secondary school students be curbed?

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study of the dangers of pre-marital sex in primary and secondary schools is of great significance as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the risks and consequences associated with early sexual activity. This knowledge is crucial in informing educational policies and programs aimed at promoting sexual health and responsible behavior among young people.

The study’s findings can be used to develop effective sex education programs in schools. These programs can equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to make informed decisions about their sexual behavior. They can also help to dispel myths and misconceptions about sex, which can often lead to risky behavior.

The study is also significant because it can help to identify the factors that influence young people’s decisions to engage in pre-marital sex. This information can be used to design interventions that address these factors, thereby reducing the prevalence of pre-marital sex in schools.

Furthermore, the study can contribute to the body of knowledge on adolescent sexual behavior. This can be useful for researchers, educators, and policymakers who are interested in this area. It can also provide a basis for future research on this topic.

The study can also have significant implications for the health and well-being of young people. By highlighting the dangers of pre-marital sex, it can encourage young people to delay sexual activity, thereby reducing their risk of sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, and other health problems.

Finally, the study can help to raise awareness about the issue of pre-marital sex in schools. This can lead to increased dialogue and action on this issue, which can ultimately contribute to a safer and healthier environment for young people.

• SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study will examine the factors responsible for primary and secondary school students involvement in pre- marital sex. The study will also evaluate the dangers of premarital sex among primary and secondary school students. Lastly, the study will recommend solutions to premarital sex among primary and secondary school students. Hence the study will be delimited to Primary and secondary schools in Abuja Municipal Area Council(AMAC), FCT Abuja .

• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study was constrained by a number of factors which are as follows:

just like any other research, ranging from unavailability of needed accurate materials on the topic under study, inability to get data

Financial constraint , was faced by  the researcher ,in getting relevant materials  and  in printing and collation of questionnaires

Time factor: time factor pose another constraint since having to shuttle between writing of the research and also engaging in other academic work making it uneasy for the researcher.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

Dangers: “Dangers” generally refers to potential harm or adverse consequences that may arise from a particular situation or action. In the context of this study, it refers to the physical, emotional, and social risks associated with pre-marital sex.

Pre-marital sex: “Pre-marital sex” is a term used to describe sexual activity that occurs before marriage. This can include a range of sexual behaviors. The dangers associated with pre-marital sex can include unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and emotional distress, among others.

Primary school:: “Primary school” is a term used to describe the first stage of formal education. It is also known as elementary school in some countries. This stage typically covers children between the ages of 5 and 11.

Secondary school: “Secondary school” is the stage of education that follows primary school. Also known as high school in some countries, it typically covers the ages of 12 to 18. The curriculum in secondary school is usually more complex and specialized than in primary school.

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