Full Project – EFFECT OF RURAL URBAN MIGRATION ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Rural-urban migration has become a significant phenomenon in Nigeria, with a substantial number of individuals leaving rural areas in search of better economic opportunities and improved living conditions in urban centers. This migration trend has had a profound impact on rural development in the country. Understanding the effects of rural-urban migration on rural development is crucial for policymakers and researchers alike.

Many scholars have recently examined the rural-urban migration in Nigeria and its consequences on the country’s housing market. Adeyemi and Oluwaseun (2018) found that the demand for housing in urban regions has increased due to rural-urban migration, which in turn has caused housing prices to rise and an affordable housing scarcity.

Overcrowding and unsanitary conditions are the result of the demand that a growing urban population has placed on water and sanitation facilities. The lack of these facilities has been linked to the proliferation of sickness and other health issues, as pointed out by Ogunbameru and Adeyemo’s (2019) research.

The loss of skilled workers and a fall in agricultural output have also resulted from the rural-urban migration. Akinwumi and Adeyemo (2017) discovered that a scarcity of manpower in the agricultural sector contributed to a fall in food production as young people left rural regions for urban centers.

The rural-urban migration in Nigeria has complicated and varied implications on the country’s housing market. It has increased the need for urban housing but has also put stress on urban infrastructure and reduced agricultural output in rural regions. Policies that encourage sustainable urbanization and rural development are needed to tackle these problems.

One of the primary effects of rural-urban migration on rural development in Nigeria is the loss of human capital from rural areas. As individuals migrate to urban centers, rural communities experience a brain drain, with skilled and educated individuals leaving their hometowns. This brain drain hampers the development of rural areas, as the loss of skilled labor and entrepreneurship stifles economic growth and innovation.

Rural-urban migration also has significant social implications for rural development in Nigeria. As young people migrate to cities, rural communities are left with an aging population, leading to a decline in social cohesion and community engagement. This demographic shift can result in the erosion of traditional values and cultural practices, further exacerbating the challenges faced by rural areas in terms of social development.

The influx of migrants from rural to urban areas puts immense pressure on the already strained infrastructure and service provision in rural Nigeria. As more people leave rural communities, the demand for basic amenities such as healthcare, education, and transportation decreases, leading to a decline in the quality and accessibility of these services. This lack of infrastructure and services further hinders rural development and perpetuates the cycle of migration.

Rural urban migration, also known as rural-urban migration, refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas in search of better economic opportunities, social amenities, and improved living conditions. This phenomenon has been on the rise in Nigeria, with many people leaving rural areas to settle in urban areas.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem statement of rural-urban migration’s detrimental consequences on Nigeria’s housing market is urgent and must be resolved. A shortage of low-cost urban housing has developed in response to the rising demand brought on by the mass movement of people from rural to urban regions. As a result, slums and informal settlements have proliferated in metropolitan areas, providing substandard housing, inadequate services, and a lack of safety and security.

Health risks and increased susceptibility to illness have resulted from the absence of essential utilities like water, sanitation, and power in these informal communities. Residents have a harder time gaining access to basic necessities including healthcare, education, and transportation due to the area’s poor infrastructure. Increased crime, unemployment, and poverty are only some of the social and economic consequences of rural-urban migration in Nigeria.

As a result, the problem statement about rural-urban migration’s impact on Nigeria’s housing market is an important one. The housing requirements of those with lower incomes in metropolitan areas should be a priority for government policy and planning. This may be accomplished through building inexpensive homes, upgrading basic utilities, and enhancing infrastructure in slum areas.

In conclusion, the housing crisis caused by rural-urban migration in Nigeria needs immediate attention. The housing requirements of those with lower incomes in metropolitan areas should be a priority for government policy and planning. This will improve the quality of life for city dwellers, stimulate economic growth, and slow the spread of slums and informal settlements.

1.3   OBJECTIVES THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to identify the effect of rural urban migration on rural development in Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives of the study are;

1. To ascertain the causes of rural urban migration and its contribution to housing demand in Imo State.
2. To determine the setbacks which rural urban migration has on housing demand in Imo State.
3. To suggest ways of discouraging rural urban migration thus reducing its effect on housing demand in Imo State.

1.4   RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions are posed to guide the study.

1. What factors lead to rural urban migration?
2. What are the effects of rural urban migration on the demand for housing in Imo State?
3. What mechanisms are to be adopted in solving the problem of rural urban migration in other to reduce its effect on housing demand in Imo State?

1.5   RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The hypothesis for this research work is as follows;

H₀: The rate of housing demand in Imo State is not dependent on rural urban migration.

H₁: The rate of housing demand in Imo State is dependent on rural urban migration.

1.6   SCOPE OF STUDY

The scope of this study is limited to rural urban migration and its effect on housing demand in Nigeria, with the primary focus on Owerri LG in Imo State.

1.7   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Rural-urban migration is a phenomenon that has significant implications for rural development in Nigeria. As more individuals migrate from rural areas to urban centers in search of better economic opportunities and improved living conditions, the rural areas are left with a dwindling population and a decline in resources. This literature review aims to explore the various effects of rural-urban migration on rural development in Nigeria.

One of the key effects of rural-urban migration on rural development in Nigeria is the economic impact. As individuals migrate to urban areas, they often leave behind agricultural activities and traditional livelihoods. This leads to a decline in agricultural productivity and a loss of income for rural communities. Additionally, the remittances sent back by migrants may not be sufficient to compensate for the loss of economic activity in the rural areas.

Rural-urban migration also has significant social implications for rural development in Nigeria. The migration of young and able-bodied individuals often leads to a demographic imbalance in rural areas, with a higher proportion of elderly and children left behind. This can result in a lack of manpower for agricultural activities and a strain on social services such as healthcare and education. Furthermore, the loss of social cohesion and community ties can have a negative impact on the overall well-being of rural communities.

The migration of individuals from rural to urban areas also puts a strain on the already limited infrastructure and services in rural Nigeria. As more people leave, there is a decline in the maintenance and development of basic amenities such as roads, schools, and healthcare facilities. This further exacerbates the challenges faced by rural communities and hinders their overall development.

Lastly, rural-urban migration has significant environmental implications for rural development in Nigeria. As individuals migrate to urban areas, there is often an increase in deforestation and land degradation in rural areas due to the expansion of agricultural activities. This not only leads to a loss of biodiversity but also exacerbates the vulnerability of rural communities to climate change and natural disasters.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Effect: In the context of this conversation, “effect” refers to the result or consequence of an action or event. It is the outcome or impact that occurs as a result of something happening.

Rural: “Rural” refers to areas or regions that are located outside of cities or urban areas. These areas are typically characterized by a lower population density, a focus on agriculture or natural resources, and a slower pace of life compared to urban areas.

Urban: “Urban” refers to areas or regions that are characterized by a high population density, extensive infrastructure, and a concentration of economic and social activities. Urban areas are typically associated with cities and towns, and they often have a more developed and modernized environment compared to rural areas.

Migration: “Migration” refers to the movement of people from one place to another, typically involving a change in their permanent residence. It can be voluntary or involuntary and can occur for various reasons, such as economic opportunities, political instability, or environmental factors.

Rural development: “Rural development” refers to the process of improving the economic, social, and environmental conditions in rural areas. It involves implementing strategies and initiatives to enhance the quality of life, promote economic growth, and address the specific needs and challenges faced by rural communities.

Rural-urban migration: “Rural-urban migration” refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. It is a specific type of migration that occurs when individuals or families leave their rural homes and relocate to urban areas in search of better opportunities, such as employment, education, healthcare, or improved living standards. This migration pattern can have significant impacts on both the rural and urban areas involved, including changes in population, infrastructure, and socio-economic dynamics.

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Full Project – EFFECT OF RURAL URBAN MIGRATION ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA