Project – Influence of behavioral counselling on deviant behavior among secondary school student in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

Behavioral counseling has been identified as a significant factor in influencing deviant behavior among secondary school students, particularly in the Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state. According to a study by Omozuwa and Iyamu (2015), behavioral counseling interventions have been shown to reduce the prevalence of deviant behavior, such as truancy, substance abuse, and violence among students. The study further emphasized the role of school counselors in implementing these interventions, suggesting that their presence and active involvement in schools are crucial in managing and reducing deviant behavior.

In a similar vein, a study by Igbudu and Agbonluae (2018) in the same region found that behavioral counseling significantly reduced the incidence of deviant behavior among secondary school students. The study, which involved a sample of 200 students, revealed that those who received behavioral counseling showed a marked decrease in deviant behavior compared to those who did not. This study underscores the importance of behavioral counseling in schools and its potential to positively influence student behavior.

However, the effectiveness of behavioral counseling is not without its challenges. A study by Ojugo (2017) highlighted the lack of trained counselors in many schools in the Esan West Local Government Area. This shortage of professionals can limit the effectiveness of behavioral counseling interventions. The study recommended increased investment in training and employing more school counselors to address this issue.

Moreover, the cultural context of the Esan West Local Government Area also plays a role in the effectiveness of behavioral counseling. According to a study by Egharevba, Iyamu, and Edobor (2016), cultural beliefs and practices can influence the acceptance and effectiveness of counseling interventions. The study suggested that counseling approaches should be culturally sensitive and adaptable to the local context to ensure their effectiveness.

Despite these challenges, the overall consensus in the literature is that behavioral counseling has a positive influence on deviant behavior among secondary school students in the Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state. However, more research is needed to explore the long-term effects of these interventions and to develop strategies to overcome the challenges identified.

In conclusion, the literature suggests that behavioral counseling is a promising approach to reducing deviant behavior among secondary school students in the Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state. However, for it to be effective, there needs to be an adequate number of trained counselors, and the counseling approaches used should be culturally sensitive.

• Statement of the Problem

Deviant behavior among secondary school students in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state has become a significant concern. The prevalence of such behavior, which includes truancy, substance abuse, bullying, and other forms of misconduct, has been on the rise, posing a threat to the educational environment and the overall development of the students. This problem has been linked to various factors, including family background, peer influence, and societal norms. However, the role of behavioral counseling in mitigating this issue has not been adequately explored.

The lack of behavioral counseling in schools is a significant problem. Counseling services are often under-resourced or non-existent, leaving students without the necessary support to navigate their behavioral issues. This lack of support can exacerbate existing problems, leading to an increase in deviant behavior. The absence of behavioral counseling also means that students do not have a safe space to discuss their issues, which can lead to feelings of isolation and further deviance.

Furthermore, the lack of understanding and awareness about the importance of behavioral counseling among school administrators, teachers, and parents is another problem. Many stakeholders may not fully comprehend the role that counseling can play in shaping a student’s behavior and overall development. This lack of understanding can lead to resistance in implementing counseling programs in schools, further exacerbating the problem.

The influence of behavioral counseling on deviant behavior is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive approach. The problem is not just about the presence or absence of counseling services in schools, but also about the quality of these services. Poorly implemented counseling programs may not have the desired impact on student behavior, leading to a continuation of deviant behavior.

Moreover, the cultural context of Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state may also influence the effectiveness of behavioral counseling. Cultural norms and beliefs can shape attitudes towards counseling and deviant behavior, potentially hindering the effectiveness of counseling interventions. Understanding these cultural factors is crucial in addressing the problem.

The problem of deviant behavior among secondary school students in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state is multifaceted. The influence of behavioral counseling on this issue is under-researched and under-utilized. There is a need for more research and intervention in this area to fully understand and address the problem.

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine influence of behavioral counselling on deviant behavior among secondary school student in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state. The specific objectives of the study:

1. To examine the prevalence of deviant behavior among secondary school students in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state.
2. To investigate the impact of behavioral counseling on deviant behavior among these students.
3. To identify the types of deviant behaviors most commonly exhibited by secondary school students in this area.
4. To assess the effectiveness of current behavioral counseling strategies in reducing deviant behavior among students.

• Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. To revert the examination of the prevalence of deviant behavior among secondary school students in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state.
2. To revert the investigation of the impact of behavioral counseling on deviant behavior among these students.
3. To revert the identification of the types of deviant behaviors most commonly exhibited by secondary school students in this area.
4. To revert the assessment of the effectiveness of current behavioral counseling strategies in reducing deviant behavior among students.

• Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement is buttressed below:

Ho: Deviant behavior has no significant impact on secondary school students’ behavior

Ho: Deviant behavior has significant impact on secondary school students’ behavior.

• Significance of the Study

The study of the influence of behavioral counseling on deviant behavior among secondary school students in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state holds significant importance in several ways.

Firstly, it provides an in-depth understanding of the prevalence of deviant behavior among students in this region. This knowledge is crucial for educators, parents, and policymakers to develop effective strategies and interventions to curb such behaviors.

Secondly, the study investigates the impact of behavioral counseling on these students. This could potentially offer insights into the effectiveness of such counseling methods in reducing deviant behavior, thereby contributing to the field of educational psychology and counseling.

Thirdly, the study identifies the types of deviant behaviors most commonly exhibited by students in this area. This information is valuable for tailoring counseling strategies to address specific behaviors and for creating targeted prevention programs.

Fourthly, the study assesses the effectiveness of current behavioral counseling strategies. This could lead to improvements in existing methods or the development of new, more effective strategies.

Fifthly, the findings of this study could be used to inform policies and practices in schools, contributing to a safer and more conducive learning environment for students.

Lastly, the study could serve as a reference for future research in this area, thereby contributing to the body of knowledge on deviant behavior among secondary school students and the role of behavioral counseling in addressing it.

• Scope of the Study

The study examines the influence of behavioral counselling on deviant behavior among secondary school student in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state.

• Operational Definition of Terms

“Influence” refers to the capacity to have an effect on someone’s character, development, or behavior. It’s the power to shape or change attitudes, beliefs, or actions, often without direct force or commands.

“Behavioral counselling” is a type of psychological intervention that aims to improve an individual’s well-being and mental health. It focuses on promoting desirable behaviors and eliminating unwanted or maladaptive ones. This approach is often used to address a range of issues, from minor life stressors to severe mental health conditions.

“Deviant behavior” refers to actions or behaviors that violate social norms or expectations. These can range from minor infractions such as dressing inappropriately for an occasion, to more serious behaviors like breaking laws. In the context of secondary school students, deviant behavior might include truancy, bullying, substance abuse, or other disruptive actions.

“Secondary school” is an educational institution where students typically study after primary school and before tertiary education. The age range of students in secondary school varies by country, but it generally includes adolescents and young adults.

A “student” is an individual who is actively engaged in learning, typically within an academic setting such as a school or university. In this context, a student refers to an individual enrolled in a secondary school.

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Project – Influence of behavioral counselling on deviant behavior among secondary school student in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state