Project – Assessment of social and school intervention in curbing drug abuse in secondary School.

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

Drug abuse among secondary school students is a significant concern that has attracted the attention of researchers, educators, and policymakers worldwide. Various social and school interventions have been implemented to curb this issue. According to a study by Botvin et al. (2000), school-based prevention programs that focus on life skills training have shown promising results in reducing drug abuse. The program, which includes self-management skills, social skills, and drug resistance skills, has been found to significantly reduce the prevalence of drug use among students.

In addition to school-based programs, social interventions have also been employed to address drug abuse. A study by Griffin and Botvin (2010) found that family-based interventions, such as parental monitoring and family communication, can significantly reduce drug use among adolescents. The study suggests that parents play a crucial role in preventing drug abuse by establishing open communication lines and monitoring their children’s activities.

However, the effectiveness of these interventions can vary depending on several factors. For instance, a study by Faggiano et al. (2008) found that the effectiveness of school-based interventions can be influenced by the program’s duration, intensity, and the use of interactive methods. Similarly, the effectiveness of family-based interventions can be affected by the quality of the parent-child relationship and the parents’ ability to enforce rules and consequences.

Despite the promising results of these interventions, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. According to a study by Sussman et al. (2004), one of the main challenges is the sustainability of these interventions. Many programs are not sustained due to lack of funding, lack of support from school administrators, and high staff turnover. Furthermore, the study suggests that more research is needed to identify the most effective components of these interventions.

Moreover, there is a need for more comprehensive approaches that combine both school and social interventions. A study by Spoth et al. (2002) suggests that combining school-based programs with family-based interventions can have a synergistic effect in preventing drug abuse. The study found that students who participated in both types of interventions were less likely to use drugs compared to those who only participated in one type of intervention.

Furthermore, both school and social interventions have shown promising results in curbing drug abuse among secondary school students. However, more research is needed to identify the most effective components of these interventions and address the challenges related to their sustainability. Furthermore, there is a need for more comprehensive approaches that combine both types of interventions.

• Statement of the Problem

The problem of drug abuse among secondary school students is a significant concern that has been escalating over the years. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2018), approximately 50% of high school seniors have used a drug of some kind, and the numbers are increasing. This issue is not only detrimental to the students’ health but also affects their academic performance and social relationships.

Social and school interventions have been implemented in various forms to curb this problem. However, the effectiveness of these interventions is still a subject of debate. A study by Botvin et al. (2013) showed that school-based interventions could reduce drug abuse among students by 25-31%. However, the study also highlighted that the success of these interventions largely depends on their implementation and the students’ socio-economic background.

On the other hand, social interventions, such as community-based programs and family interventions, have also shown promise. According to a study by Spoth et al. (2013), family-focused interventions can reduce substance use among adolescents by 25-35%. However, these interventions require significant resources and commitment from the community and families, which may not always be available.

Despite these interventions, the problem of drug abuse in secondary schools persists. This could be due to a variety of factors, including the lack of comprehensive and integrated approaches, inadequate resources, and the complex nature of drug abuse. According to the World Health Organization (2016), a multi-faceted approach that combines school, social, and health interventions is needed to effectively address this issue.

Furthermore, while social and school interventions have shown some success in curbing drug abuse in secondary schools, there is a need for further research and evaluation. This will help in understanding the specific factors that influence the effectiveness of these interventions and in developing more comprehensive and effective strategies.

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine assessment of social and school intervention in curbing drug abuse in secondary School. The specific of the study are:

1. To evaluate the effectiveness of social and school interventions in reducing drug abuse among secondary school students.
2. To identify the types of drug abuse most prevalent in secondary schools and how these are addressed by current interventions.
3. To understand the role of teachers, parents, and community leaders in implementing and supporting these interventions.
4. To examine the impact of these interventions on students’ academic performance and overall well-being.

• Research Questions

The research questions are stated below:

1. How effective are social and school interventions in reducing drug abuse among secondary school students?
2. What types of drug abuse are most prevalent in secondary schools and how are these addressed by current interventions?
3. What is the role of teachers, parents, and community leaders in implementing and supporting these interventions?
4. What is the impact of these interventions on students’ academic performance and overall well-being?

• Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is buttressed:

H_o: Social and school interventions will not reduce drug abuse among secondary school students

H₁: Social and school interventions will reduce drug abuse among secondary school students

 Significance of the Study

The study on the assessment of social and school interventions in curbing drug abuse in secondary schools is of great importance. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the current situation of drug abuse among secondary school students. This understanding is crucial as it forms the basis for the development of effective strategies and interventions to address the issue.

The study also holds significance in its potential to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on drug abuse prevention and intervention strategies. By evaluating the effectiveness of current interventions, the study can provide valuable insights that can be used to improve these strategies, making them more effective in reducing drug abuse among students.

Furthermore, the study is significant as it explores the role of various stakeholders, including teachers, parents, and community leaders, in implementing and supporting these interventions. This exploration can reveal the challenges and opportunities in engaging these stakeholders, which can inform the development of more inclusive and participatory interventions.

The study’s significance also lies in its potential to influence policy-making. The findings of the study can provide evidence-based recommendations that can guide policy-makers in developing and implementing policies that effectively address drug abuse in secondary schools.

Additionally, the study is significant for its potential to improve students’ academic performance and overall well-being. By examining the impact of interventions on these aspects, the study can highlight the importance of addressing drug abuse not only for the sake of preventing drug use but also for promoting students’ holistic development.

Lastly, the study is significant as it can raise awareness about the issue of drug abuse in secondary schools. By shedding light on the prevalence and types of drug abuse, as well as the effectiveness of current interventions, the study can stimulate discussions and actions towards addressing this pressing issue.

 Scope of the Study

The study examines assessment of social and school intervention in curbing drug abuse in secondary School. The study is limited to selected Secondary Schools in Yaba, Lagos State.

• Operational Definition of Terms

Assessment: This refers to the process of evaluating or measuring a person’s knowledge, skills, attitudes, or other attributes. In the context of this study, it involves evaluating the effectiveness of social and school interventions in reducing drug abuse among secondary school students.

 Social Intervention: This is a strategy developed by a community or society to address social issues and challenges. It involves various methods and techniques to encourage positive behavior and discourage negative behavior. In this study, social intervention refers to the strategies implemented by the community, parents, and other stakeholders to prevent and reduce drug abuse among secondary school students.

School Intervention: This refers to strategies implemented within the school environment to address specific issues. These interventions can be academic or behavioral and are designed to improve student outcomes. In this context, school intervention refers to the measures taken by the school, such as counseling, education, and policies, to curb drug abuse.

Curbing Drug Abuse: This refers to the efforts made to reduce or control the misuse of drugs, especially illegal drugs or harmful substances. These efforts can include education, counseling, legal action, and other strategies aimed at preventing drug abuse and helping those who are struggling with addiction.

Secondary School: This is a school for students who have completed primary education. In most educational systems, secondary education includes the formal education that occurs during adolescence, typically covering grades 6-12. In the context of this study, it refers to the environment where the assessment of interventions to curb drug abuse is being conducted.

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Project – Assessment of social and school intervention in curbing drug abuse in secondary School.