Full Project – The effect of social distancing on the Nigerian economy

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background to the Study

The biggest threat posed by COVID-19 outbreak is the health risk it poses. However, social distancing, Avoidance and panic may have enormous economic consequences, large enough to significantly slow growth, push up unemployment and lead to recession. Government of Nigeria is forced to balance the health of their citizens with economic stability and their own debt. After more than a decade of unprecedented economic growth, the world is facing another global economic recession. In the past week, Nigerian government have been introducing aid programmes to ease the economic pressure brought about by the COVID-19 outbreak and the inevitable economic downturn that will follow.

Controlling the spread of influenza to reduce the effects of infection on a population is an important mandate of public health sector and the government of any nation. The Nigeria private sector and individuals get affected. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wahan China. COVID-19 is spreading from person to person in China and limited spread among close contacts has been detected in some countries outside China including Nigeria. There is presently no vaccine to protect against COVID-19 and there is no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19.

Social distancing has been embraced as a key government strategy to manage the COVID-19 crisis. The policy involves limiting contact between people to reduce the viral transmission. It extends from avoid shaking of hands to maintaining at least 1.5meters distance from other and bans on non-essential gathering. This measures have significant economic impact. Individuals are being placed on quarantine or lockdown, as a result, the ability to carry out economic activities is limited.

While COVID-19 is having a devastating impact on the Nigeria economy, its impact across industries is likely to be heterogeneous. This study, therefore, is posed to assess the effect of social distancing on Nigerian economy a case study of corona virus disease.

1.2. Statement of the Research Problem

The human health state is considered the most critical to any country survival of a truism that healthy population bring about the desired goals of any country. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) discovered in 2019 spread from person to person. The first case of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa has been confirmed in Nigeria.

From evidence available to us, COVID-19 is presently in Nigeria,

The patient who first brought it to Nigeria is an Italian citizen who works in Nigeria and flew into the commercial city of Lagos from Milan on 25 February 2020. (BBC News, 2020).

Globally, more than 1,000,000 people in over 150 countries have been infected. Over 80,000 have died, the vast majority in China’s Hubei province, Italy, USA, Germany and Spain. In Nigeria 10 death has been recorded and over 200 infected.

In Nigeria, the ability to contain this virus also lie within the help of the populace in complying with the directives of the government. It is against this background that the researcher considered the study of the effect of social distancing on Nigeria economy a case study of corona virus disease.

1.3. Objectives of the study

The aim of this study was to investigatethe effect of social distancing on Nigeria economy a case study of corona virus disease. The specific objectives are to:

1. examine the level of coronavirus diseasein Nigeria.
2. investigate the impact of social distancing on Nigeria economy.

1.4. Research Questions

This study will be guided by the following research questions:

1. What is the level of coronavirus disease in Nigeria?
2. What is the impact of social distancing on Nigeria economy?

1.5 Research Hypothesis

The study is guided by the following hypothesis:

H₀:    There is no significant relationship between social distancing and Nigeria economy.

1.6. Significance of the Study

The study will enable relevant agencies concerned with eradicating COVID-19 in Nigeria to know the implications of coronavirus disease on the Nigerian economy. Empirically, this study is carried out to investigate the effect of social distancing on Nigeria economy. This study will be of utmost importance to investors, government and the researchers because it will provide policy recommendations to the various Nigeria stakeholders taking adequate measures in the economy for rapid capacity investment.  It will contribute to existing literature on the subject matter. This study will be of benefit to;

The Academia: members of the academia will find the study relevant as it will also form basis for further research and a reference tool for academic works.

Government: this study will reveal to the government happenings in the economy. Formulation and implementation of policies based on this findings would ensure development in the economy.

Investors: this study shall also be valuable to the investors especially those who may have research interest as it shall guide their private investment decisions.

1.7. Scope of the Study

This study is intended to examine the effect of social distancing on Nigeria economy a case study of corona virus disease with particular emphasis on resident of Lagos state, Ogun state and federal capital territory (FCT).

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms have been defined operationally.

• Epidemic: a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
• Disease:a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal or plant especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
• Infectious: (of a disease or disease-causing organism) liable to be transmitted to people, organisms, etc. through the environment.
• Economy:the system of trade and industry by which the wealth of a country is made and used.
• Social distancing:social distancing is a set of non-pharmaceutical interventions or measure taken to prevent the spread of a contagious disease by maintaining a physical distance between people and reducing the number of times people come into close contact with each other.

1.9. Organization of the Study

This study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is introduction which consists of the background to the study, statement of problem, research questions, research  hypotheses,  objectives  of  the study, the  significance  of  the  study,   the scope  and  limitations  of  the  study  and  finally the  organization of the study. Chapter two deals with the literature review which consists of the conceptual literature, theoretical literature, empirical literature, theoretical framework. Chapter three gives the research methodology including research design, population of study, sample size, sampling technique, method of data collection, instrument of data analysis, method of data analysis, validity/reliability of instrument.  Chapter four is presentation and analysis of data, discussion of findings. Chapter five gives the summary, conclusion and recommendations.

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Full Project – The effect of social distancing on the Nigerian economy