Full Project – Computerized crime tracking information record system

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0     Introduction

The traditional and age-old system of intelligence and criminal record maintenance has failed to live up to the requirements of the existing crime scenario. Manual processes neither provide accurate, reliable and comprehensive data round the clock nor does it help in trend prediction and decision support. It also results in lower productivity and ineffective utilization of manpower. The solution to this ever-increasing problem lies in the effective use of Information Technology. Crime Tracking Information System uses computer-generated records as an interface for integrating and accessing massive amounts of location-based information. Crime tracking system allows police personnel to plan effectively for emergency response, determine mitigation priorities, analyze historical events, and predict future events (Attenborough, 2010). Crime tracking system helps identify potential suspects to increase investigators suspect base when no leads are evident. The ability to access and process information quickly while displaying it in a spatial and visual medium allows agencies to allocate resources quickly and more effectively. In the ‘mission-critical’ nature of law enforcement, information about the location of a crime, incident, suspect, or victim is often crucial to determine the manner and size of the response. Crime tracking software helps co-ordinate vast amounts of location-based data from multiple sources. It enables the user to layer the data and view the data most critical to the particular issue or mission. It is used world over by police departments, both large and small, to provide solutions for crime analysis, criminal tracking, traffic safety, community policing, Intranet/Internet mapping, and numerous other tasks (Aquinas, 2012). Crime tracking system helps crime officers determine potential crime sites by examining complex seemingly unrelated criteria and displaying them all in an interface. It also helps them map inmate populations, fixtures, and equipment to provide for the safety of inmates by separating gang members, identifying high-risk or potentially violent inmates, and identifying hazardous locations in an area. It reduces the potential for internal violence by providing better command and control. Traditionally, these activities have been supported by paper and pen. Police officers now have the ability to immediately generate crime report directly relevant to the situation at hand. Police agencies collect vast amounts of data from many sources including called-for-services, arrests, first information reports and daily report. The same information provides a powerful decision making tool for investigators, supervisors, and administrators.

• Background of the Study

Criminal Records Management System is a database system in which the police keep the record of criminals who have been arrested, to be arrested, or escaped. This will help the police department in enhanced management of information. The main entities in the whole process include; the petitioner (the person who files a First Incident Report (FIR)), victim, accused or criminal, case, and investigating officer. The system’s strengths lay in that it allows for storage of multiple data for a criminal. A weakness observed in the system however, is that it lacks in covering all the necessary entities required for a CRMS built for the NPF, it has no interface; as only the database was designed, there is no proper distinction between an accused and the criminal in the system, there is no generation of crime analysis and report(Blythe, 2006).

Rules and regulations are paramount to all aspects of life and it accommodates both how one wishes to live, and how others should accommodate one’s lifestyle (Cohen, 2013). Certain proponents have asserted that crime which is a violation against laws of the society is integral to the human nature and hence the society can never be completely free from it. Modern society is characterized by increasing levels of risk posed by internal and external security threats. Within this context, security driven by technology is increasingly being used by government, corporate bodies and individuals to monitor and reduce risk.

The widely employed CRM method in the NPF is the manual process. This approach entails the use of paper files in the documentation of criminal information by the NPF. A complainant fills in a First Information Report [FIR] form which includes his or her statement concerning the accused. When the accused is brought in, their details are handwritten into case files. Prior to the advent of computers, these files were kept in wooden or metal wardrobes under lock and key. This was susceptible to damage by pest and unfavorable environmental conditions. In recent years, as a result of the global rise in application of computers in various aspects of life, desktop applications such as Microsoft Excel were adopted, thereby causing the approach to become both manual and slightly computerized in Nigeria.

• Statement Of The Problem

In view of this, a research was concluded and the following problems were identified:

1. Lack of track of records due to volumes of records.
2. Slow pace of attending to criminal.
3. Cases of fraud and embezzlement.
4. Mismanagement of criminal cases.
5. Unreliable medium for storing criminal information.
6. Time consuming and costly to produce reports.

Due to problems listed above there every need to design an automation which is fast, efficient and reliable.

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to develop a system that will computerize crime tracking information record system.

They objectives of include:

1. To design a system that will register new crime committed by defaulter.
2. To create a system that will minimize the effort of the book keeper in processing crime cases.
3. To develop a system that will make an efficient and accurate recording of crime committed.
4. To design a well-arranged database and to implement strong security of the system for data security.

1.4     Significance ofthe Study

1. The purpose of this project is to design and implement a database for storing crime records. This will aid the police in crime tracking and control.
2. The system would ensure a better case flow and efficient data management that would inform better management decisions.

• The system develop can accommodate changing features and produce a paperless environment through well design database.

1. This study will help the proponents to enhance the ability on how to create an understandable computerized system in an easy way.

1.5     Scope of the Study

The scope of the study is to develop a computerized crime tracking information record system using Nigeria Police Station, Ikot Ekpene Division as case study.

1.6     Organization of the Study

This research project is organized in the following order:

Chapter one focuses on the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problems, aim and objective of the study, scope of the study, organization of the research and the definition of terms.

Chapter two focuses on the review of related literature.

Chapter three focuses on the research analysis and methodology of the system laying emphasis on the algorithm, flowcharts, input/output analysis.

Chapter four focuses on system design and implementation which further discusses analysis of modules, choice of programming language, etc.

Chapter five focuses on the summary, conclusion, recommendation as well as constraints of the study.

1.7     Definition of Terms

         Computerized:Adapted so as to be operated by computer.

Crime:An action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law.

Tracking System: A system used for the observing of persons or objects on the move and supplying a timely ordered sequence of location data for further processing.

         Information: Facts provided or learned about something or someone.

Record: A thing constituting a piece of evidence about the past, especially an account kept in writing or some other permanent form.

System: A set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network; a complex whole.

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Full Project – Computerized crime tracking information record system