Full Project – An automated e-learning platform for tertiary institutions

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0     INTRODUCTION

Teaching/learning has been a part of human lives for centuries and will continue to be a part of human society, but the field has witnessed a significant level of transformation in last few decades with introduction of e-learning being the latest (Jabli and Qahmash, 2013). The internet is a basic technology in the development of information technology. The use of internet technology will make it easier for people to obtain latest information quickly and effectively. The Internet has become a very important tool that is required by the knowledge-based society for the contemporary information.

E-learning is an education via the Internet, network, or standalone computer.  E-learning is basically the network-enabled convey of skills and knowledge. E-learning refers to using electronic applications and processes to learn. E-learning applications   and   processes   include   Web-based   learning, Computer-based   learning, virtual   classrooms   and   digital collaboration. There are several reasons why e-learning is becoming popular. For example, it allows freedom of learning from anywhere, any time and to acquire advanced IT usage skills. E-learning is growing in stature as an alternative channel of teaching and learning (Croxton, 2014).

Jacobson (2016) stated that the use of e-learning in universities has increased dramatically with the development of a range of e-learning systems also known as educational technologies to support traditional teaching and learning. Universities are now using e-learning to provide a mixture of face-to-face classroom teaching, live e-learning, self-paced e-learning and distance learning. These e-learning platforms offer many benefits to higher education institutions. Social environments are created to support student’s learning and cognitive development. Student-centred learning focuses on fostering communicative and collaborative skills amongst the students making them more engaged in their learning process. E-learning technologies also have the ability to support social-interactions between students and teachers and amongst students. Experiences about e-learning reveal that there is a prevalence of lack of motivation to engage in e-learning

According to Jones (2012), E-learning has grown to complement traditional classroom-based learning. Educational technology is being used in combination with effective pedagogy and reflective teaching to transform higher education. E-learning is also being used as a resource to provide online support, online student management, and provision of formative and summative assessment feedback to the students. E-learning has emerged as a necessity to meet the challenges posed by the development of information technology and the potential for greater access to knowledge. There is much examination into the effects of communication and information technology (IT) on learning. Innovative techniques are still being explored‎ with‎ the‎ aim‎ of‎ achieving‎ learners’‎ attention,‎ and‎ establishing‎ active‎ and‎ tailored learning environments wherein learners are able to pursue continuous learning, in a motivated manner, with the use of various tools of information technology.

Bargees (2016) E-learning is considered an essential platform for enhancing the competiveness of a university both nationally and globally. In order to understand the determinants of e-learning adoption and sustained use, the environment context provides the characteristics of external factors that are likely to influence organizational decisions related to adoption of e-learning technologies within organizations. Despite the positive impact of the internet on academic performance, research findings have shown that excessive internet usage adversely affects one’s physical health, family life and academic performance. Other related problems include, decline in study habits, drastic drop in grades, missing classes and poor integration in extracurricular activities.

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The term “e-learning” has only been in existence since 1999 when the word was first utilized at a CBT systems seminar. Other words also began to spring up in search of an accurate description such as “online learning” and “virtual learning”. However, the principles behind e-learning have been well documented throughout history, and there is even evidence which suggests that early forms of e-learning existed as far back as the 19th century, Wang et al. (2017).

Long before the internet was launched, distance courses were being offered to provide students with education on particular subjects or skills. In the 1840′s Isaac Pitman taught his pupils shorthand via correspondence. This form of symbolic writing was designed to improve writing speed and was popular amongst secretaries, journalists, and other individuals who did a great deal of note taking or writing. Pitman, who was a qualified teacher, was sent completed assignments by mail and he would then send his students more work to be finished using the same system. In 1924, the first testing machine was invented. This device allowed students to test themselves. Then, in 1954, BF Skinner, a Harvard Professor, invented the “teaching machine”, which enabled schools to administer programmed instruction to their students, Allen & Seaman (2017).

According to Perry et al.  (2018), the first online learning systems were really only set up to deliver information to students but as we entered the 70s online learning started to become more interactive. In Britain, the Open University was keen to take advantage of e-learning. Their system of education has always been primarily focused on learning at a distance. In the past, course materials were delivered by post and correspondence with tutors was via mail. With the internet, the Open University began to offer a wider range of interactive educational experiences as well as faster correspondence with students via email etc. In the 2000′s, businesses began using e-learning to train their employees. New and experienced workers alike now had the opportunity to improve upon their industry knowledge base and expand their skill sets. At home, individuals were granted access to programs that offered them the ability to earn online degrees and enrich their lives through expanded knowledge.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Looking around students especially tertiary education suffers a lot of setbacks in external exams due to the primitive nature of teaching system which they receive. They don’t have access to global information hence lacks a huge knowledge of what is obtainable in the society, the library is not equipped with good books and at the same time they don’t have access to internet. The rate of examination malpractice has increased and attention must be given fast to it before it ruins the education system of the country. In order to curb this problem, it is relevant to therefore implement a system of studying online where academic materials can be accessed unlimitedly to aid academic growth.

1.3     AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to design and implement an automated e-learning system for Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe.

The objectives of this study are as follows:

• To examine the satisfaction level of the use of the existing learning method
• To examine the various constraint in students’ satisfaction of the current learning system
• To propose a design of learning approach that when implemented will eradicate the problems of the existing teaching and learning practice in the polytechnic.

1.4     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is focused on developing a standard working e-learning (web-based) system for Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara and at such; the study scope of coverage is limited to the department of Computer Science.

1.5     SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In implementing the objectives of this study, the result of this study will erase lots of problems associated with the traditional learning system. The study will benefit the institution since it will enable users to access learning resource digitally without the inconveniences of students carrying books, journals, magazines etc. which could result in rapid wear and tear of these resource.

It can provide benefits for the staffs and students involved. Some of the benefits are;

• Improved performance:it is interactive to the students thereby improving their productivity.
• Improves standard of education:it will help to eliminates learning inadequacies like unfavorable time schedule for either staff or student.
• Increased access:it enables people from any part of the world to be educated.
• Convenience and flexibility to learners:learning process is structured in units; this makes the learner study at his own convenience without getting too bored with lectures.

1.6     LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The limitation of the proposed system is as follows;

• The web-based learning material system requires technical skills to manage and operate, thus staff that are not computer literate cannot use the system
• Advance techniques are not used to check authorization
• The system works as a standalone computer application in its compactable environment.

1.7     DEFINITION OF TERMS

• E-Learning: learning conducted via electronic media, especially via the Internet.
• World Wide Web: World Wide Web simply called www is the most important tool of the Internet. online learning website.
• Blended Learning: Blended learning is the combination of traditional, face-to-face learning methods with technology-based online learning methods.
• Web Site: A website is a collection of many interconnected web pages organized by a specific college, organization company etc, containing web pages (good and commodities) on the Internet. online learning website
• Assessment: Assessments often take the form of a test included at the end of a course to evaluate learner performance. They should be aligned with the learning objectives of a course to accurately measure learner progress.
• Asynchronous Learning: Asynchronous learning allows learners to train individually, enabling them to complete courses at a time, place and pace that suits them.
• CBT (Computer-Based Training): The traditional name for what is now known as eLearning Computer-Based Training specifically describes the on-demand elements of eLearning, excluding instructor-led training.
• Chunk: A small unit of a larger piece of learning content is referred to as a chunk.
• Classroom-Based Training: Also known as face-to-face or live training, classroom-based training is a more traditional training method. An instructor guides learners through a course in a real-world environment such as a classroom or meeting room.
• System: a collection of inter-related and interdependent group of components working together to achieve a specific aim or objective.
• Database: a collection of inter-related and interdependent group of data/information.
• Authorization: the process or act of giving someone permission to do or have something using a computer system.
• Interface: a platform that allows a user to communicate with a computer system.

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Full Project – An automated e-learning platform for tertiary institutions