Full Project – PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CHEMISTRY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

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ABSTRACT

The study examines problems and possible solutions of teaching and learning of chemistry in senior secondary schools. Four research objectives was used for the study, namely: to identify challenges faced by teachers and students in the teaching and learning of chemistry schools; to find out teaching methodologies and resources have significant impact on students’ knowledge about chemistry; to propose potential solutions or strategies to improve the teaching and learning of chemistry; and to find out if instructional materials will affect students’ engagement and performance in chemistry. To select the needed samples for this study, the researcher used a total number of one hundred (100) chemistry teachers in senior secondary schools in Local Education District IV, Yaba, Lagos. A simple random sampling was adopted. The study recommended that educators and policymakers pay more attention to the selection and implementation of teaching methodologies and resources in chemistry education. Future research should also explore how these methodologies and resources can be effectively integrated into the curriculum to maximize their impact on student learning.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

Hello! The teaching and learning of chemistry in secondary schools have been a subject of concern for educators worldwide. Several problems have been identified that hinder the effective teaching and learning of this subject. According to Johnstone (2006), one of the main issues is the abstract nature of chemistry, which makes it difficult for students to understand and relate to real-life situations. Additionally, the lack of practical sessions due to inadequate facilities and resources further exacerbates this problem.

Another significant issue is the lack of qualified and experienced chemistry teachers. As per the report by the National Science Teachers Association (2018), many schools lack teachers with a strong background in chemistry, which affects the quality of teaching. Furthermore, the traditional methods of teaching, which are often teacher-centered, do not engage students effectively. This leads to a lack of interest and motivation among students, as highlighted by Eilks and Byers (2010).

Possible solutions to these problems have been proposed by various researchers. One such solution is the use of innovative teaching methods. According to Hofstein and Lunetta (2004), inquiry-based learning can help students understand the abstract concepts in chemistry. This method encourages students to ask questions, investigate, and find solutions, thereby making learning more interactive and engaging.

Another potential solution is improving the quality of chemistry teachers. This can be achieved through regular professional development programs, which can equip teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to teach chemistry effectively (Abell & Lederman, 2007). Additionally, providing adequate resources and facilities for practical sessions can enhance students’ understanding of chemistry concepts.

The integration of technology in teaching chemistry is another solution that has gained attention. E-learning platforms, virtual labs, and digital simulations can make learning more interactive and fun for students (Barak & Dori, 2009). These technologies can also help in visualizing abstract chemistry concepts, thereby improving students’ understanding.

In conclusion, while there are several challenges in teaching and learning chemistry in secondary schools, various solutions have been proposed. These include innovative teaching methods, improving the quality of teachers, and integrating technology in teaching. However, more research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these solutions in different contexts.

• Statement of the Problem

The teaching and learning of chemistry in senior secondary schools have been a significant concern for educators worldwide. The subject’s complexity often leads to a lack of interest and understanding among students, which can negatively impact their academic performance (Johnstone, 2006).

One of the main problems is the abstract nature of chemistry concepts, which are often difficult for students to visualize and understand (Taber, 2002). This is further compounded by the traditional teaching methods that rely heavily on rote memorization rather than fostering a deep understanding of the subject matter.

Another issue is the lack of practical applications in the teaching of chemistry. Students often fail to see the relevance of what they are learning to their daily lives, leading to a lack of motivation and engagement (Hofstein & Lunetta, 2004). This is a significant problem as it can lead to students developing a negative attitude towards the subject, which can persist into their higher education and career choices.

The lack of adequately trained and motivated teachers is another significant problem. Many teachers lack the necessary pedagogical skills to effectively teach chemistry, leading to a lack of student understanding and interest (Kind, 2009). Furthermore, the high teacher-student ratio in many schools makes it difficult for teachers to give individual attention to each student, further exacerbating the problem.

Possible solutions to these problems include the use of innovative teaching methods that promote active learning and understanding, such as problem-based learning and the use of digital technologies (Eilks & Byers, 2009). Additionally, providing teachers with ongoing professional development opportunities can help improve their teaching skills and increase their motivation.

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The study examines the problems and possible solutions of teaching and learning of chemistry in senior secondary schools. The specific objectives of the study are:

1. To identify challenges faced by teachers and students in the teaching and learning of chemistry schools.
2. To find out teaching methodologies and resources have significant impact on students’ knowledge about chemistry.
3. To propose potential solutions or strategies to improve the teaching and learning of chemistry.
4. To find out if instructional materials will affect students’ engagement and performance in chemistry.

• Research Questions

The research questions are stated below:

1. What are the main challenges faced by teachers and students in the teaching and learning of chemistry in schools?
2. How will teaching methodologies and resources affect students’ knowledge in chemistry?
3. What potential solutions or strategies could be implemented to improve the teaching and learning of chemistry?
4. How do instructional materials affect students’ engagement and performance in chemistry?

• Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is stated below:

H_O:  Teaching methodologies and resources have no significant impact on student knowledge about chemistry.

H₁:  Teaching methodologies and resources have significant impact on student knowledge about chemistry.

• Significance of the Study

The significance of studying the problems and possible solutions of teaching and learning chemistry in senior secondary schools cannot be overstated. Chemistry, as a branch of science, plays a crucial role in our daily lives and the development of new technologies. It is a subject that provides the knowledge necessary to understand and improve the world around us. However, the teaching and learning of chemistry in senior secondary schools often face numerous challenges, which can hinder students’ understanding and interest in the subject.

One of the main problems in teaching chemistry is the abstract nature of the subject. Many concepts in chemistry are not directly observable and require a good understanding of symbolic representations and models. This can be challenging for students, leading to misconceptions and a lack of interest. A possible solution to this problem is the use of innovative teaching methods, such as inquiry-based learning and the use of technology. These methods can help make abstract concepts more tangible and engaging for students.

Another significant issue is the lack of practical experiences. Chemistry is a practical subject, and without hands-on experiences, students may find it difficult to understand and appreciate the relevance of what they are learning. To address this, schools could invest more in laboratory facilities and ensure that practical sessions are an integral part of the chemistry curriculum. This would not only enhance students’ understanding of chemistry concepts but also stimulate their interest in the subject.

The teaching methodology itself can also pose a problem. Traditional lecture-based teaching methods may not be effective in engaging students or fostering a deep understanding of chemistry. Active learning strategies, such as group work, discussions, and problem-solving activities, could be more effective. These methods encourage students to actively participate in their learning process, which can lead to better understanding and retention of chemistry concepts.

The lack of qualified and passionate chemistry teachers is another challenge. Teachers play a pivotal role in students’ learning experiences. If they lack the necessary knowledge or enthusiasm for the subject, it can negatively impact students’ learning. Therefore, there is a need for continuous professional development programs for chemistry teachers. These programs can help improve teachers’ content knowledge, pedagogical skills, and enthusiasm for the subject.

Furthermore, while there are several challenges in the teaching and learning of chemistry in senior secondary schools, there are also numerous potential solutions. By addressing these issues, we can improve the quality of chemistry education, stimulate students’ interest in the subject, and prepare them for further studies and careers in science. This is the significance of studying the problems and possible solutions of teaching and learning chemistry in senior secondary schools.

• Scope of the Study

The study examines the problems and possible solutions of teaching and learning of chemistry in senior secondary schools. The study is restricted to selected secondary schools in Yaba, Lagos State.

• Operational Definition of Terms

1. Problems: These are situations, individuals, or items that are challenging to understand, deal with, or overcome. They often require thought and action to resolve.

2. Solutions: These are the methods or processes used to solve problems or difficulties. They are the answers or outcomes that successfully address a problem or challenge.

3. Teaching: This is the act of imparting knowledge or skills to another individual or group. It often involves a teacher, who is knowledgeable about a particular subject, and a student, who is the learner.

4. Learning: This is the process of acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences. It involves understanding and processing information, and it can occur through study, experience, or teaching.

5. Chemistry: This is a branch of science that studies the properties, composition, and structure of substances (elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these processes. It is often divided into several specialized fields such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry.

6. Secondary School: This is an educational institution where students typically receive education beyond primary school, usually from ages 12-18. It is often divided into two parts: lower secondary (also known as middle school or junior high school) and upper secondary (also known as high school). The curriculum in secondary school often includes a broad range of subjects, including mathematics, English, science, social studies, and more.

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Full Project – PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING OF CHEMISTRY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS