Project – An appraisal of the history of the church in Nigeria, and its effect on the conflicts between religious practices and its society.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

The history of the church in Nigeria is a rich tapestry that has been woven over centuries, with its roots dating back to the 15th century when Portuguese missionaries first introduced Christianity to the region. The church has since evolved, with various denominations such as the Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, and numerous Protestant and Pentecostal churches making significant contributions to its development (Ayandele, 1966). The church’s growth has been marked by periods of expansion and contraction, influenced by factors such as colonialism, political instability, and socio-economic changes.

The church’s influence on Nigerian society has been profound, shaping the country’s cultural, social, and political landscapes. The church has played a pivotal role in education, health, and social services, often stepping in where the government has failed to provide (Falola, 1999). However, this influence has not been without its challenges. The church’s teachings often conflict with traditional African religious practices, leading to tensions and conflicts within communities. This has been particularly evident in areas such as marriage, burial rites, and the role of women in society.

The conflicts between the church and traditional religious practices have had significant effects on Nigerian society. These conflicts have often resulted in social unrest, with clashes between Christian and traditional religious groups leading to violence and loss of life (Ukah, 2008). The church’s stance on issues such as polygamy, ancestral worship, and traditional healing practices has also led to divisions within communities, with some members choosing to adhere to church teachings while others continue to follow traditional practices.

However, the church has also been a force for reconciliation and peacebuilding in Nigeria. In the face of religious conflicts, many churches have initiated interfaith dialogues and peacebuilding initiatives aimed at fostering understanding and tolerance among different religious groups (Ilo, 2015). These efforts have been instrumental in mitigating some of the conflicts and tensions that have arisen due to the clash between church teachings and traditional practices.

Despite these efforts, the church’s role in Nigerian society remains a contentious issue. Critics argue that the church’s influence has been overly dominant, stifering the development of indigenous religious practices and contributing to social divisions (Omenka, 1989). Others, however, contend that the church has been a positive force, providing essential services and promoting social cohesion in the face of adversity.

The history of the church in Nigeria and its effect on conflicts between religious practices and society is a complex and multifaceted issue. While the church has undoubtedly played a significant role in shaping Nigerian society, its influence has also been a source of conflict and tension. As Nigeria continues to grapple with these issues, the church’s role in society will undoubtedly continue to evolve.

• Statement of the Problem

The history of the church in Nigeria, and its effect on the conflicts between religious practices and its society, is a complex issue that has been the subject of much debate. The problem lies in the fact that the church, which was introduced by European missionaries in the 19th century, has had a profound influence on Nigerian society, but this influence has not always been positive (Ayandele, 1966).

The church has been a source of both unity and division in Nigeria. On one hand, it has brought together people from different ethnic groups and provided a sense of community. On the other hand, it has also been a source of conflict, particularly in areas where there are significant differences in religious beliefs (Falola, 1998).

Furthermore, the church has often been seen as an agent of westernization, leading to tensions between traditional African religious practices and Christian beliefs. This has resulted in conflicts within communities and families, as people struggle to reconcile their traditional beliefs with the teachings of the church (Ukah, 2008).

The church’s role in politics has also been a source of contention. While some argue that the church should be a moral compass and a voice for the voiceless, others believe that it has overstepped its boundaries and become too involved in political matters (Adeleye, 2012).

 

Moreover, the church’s response to social issues, such as poverty and inequality, has been criticized. While the church has made efforts to address these issues, critics argue that it has not done enough and that its focus on spiritual matters has often overshadowed its social responsibilities (Obadare, 2016).

The history of the church in Nigeria and its effect on conflicts between religious practices and its society is a multifaceted problem that requires further research. Understanding this history and its implications is crucial for addressing the conflicts and tensions that exist in Nigerian society today.

• Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine an appraisal of the history of the church in Nigeria, and its effect on the conflicts between religious practices and its society. The specific objectives are:

1. To trace the historical development of the church in Nigeria, identifying key periods and events that have shaped its evolution.
2. To analyze the influence of the church on societal norms, values, and practices in Nigeria, with a focus on potential areas of conflict.
3. To evaluate the role of the church in mediating or exacerbating religious conflicts within the Nigerian society.
4. To examine the relationship between the church and other religious institutions in Nigeria, assessing the dynamics of interfaith interactions.

• Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. What are the key periods and events that have shaped the historical development of the church in Nigeria?
2. How has the church influenced societal norms, values, and practices in Nigeria, and what are the potential areas of conflict?
3. What role has the church played in mediating or exacerbating religious conflicts within the Nigerian society?
4. How does the church interact with other religious institutions in Nigeria, and what are the dynamics of these interfaith interactions?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The significance of the study of the history of the church in Nigeria and its effect on the conflicts between religious practices and its society is multifaceted. Firstly, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the historical development of Christianity in Nigeria, which is one of the largest Christian populations in Africa. The church has played a significant role in shaping the socio-political and cultural landscape of the country. Understanding this history can provide insights into the current state of religious affairs in Nigeria and the role of the church in society.

Secondly, this study can shed light on the complex relationship between the church and society in Nigeria. The church has often been a source of conflict, particularly in regions where there is a significant Muslim population. These conflicts often stem from differences in religious beliefs and practices, and understanding the historical context can provide valuable insights into the root causes of these conflicts. This can, in turn, inform strategies for conflict resolution and peacebuilding.

Thirdly, the study can reveal the influence of the church on societal norms and values in Nigeria. The church has been a significant moral and ethical compass for many Nigerians, influencing attitudes towards issues such as marriage, family, and social justice. Understanding this influence can provide a deeper understanding of Nigerian society and the role of religion in shaping societal norms and values.

Fourthly, the study can highlight the role of the church in social development in Nigeria. The church has been involved in various social development initiatives, including education, healthcare, and poverty alleviation. Understanding the history of these initiatives can provide insights into the role of the church in social development and the challenges and opportunities it faces in this area.

Fifthly, the study can provide a historical perspective on the relationship between the church and the state in Nigeria. The church has often been at odds with the state, particularly during periods of military rule. Understanding this history can provide insights into the dynamics of church-state relations in Nigeria and the role of the church in advocating for democracy and human rights.

Lastly, the study can contribute to the broader field of religious studies by providing a case study of the role of the church in a multi-religious society. This can provide valuable insights for scholars and practitioners interested in the role of religion in society, particularly in contexts characterized by religious diversity and conflict.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study examines an appraisal of the history of the church in Nigeria, and its effect on the conflicts between religious practices and its society.

1.7. Operational Definition of Terms

1. Appraisal: This term generally refers to the act of assessing something or someone. In the context of your question, it likely refers to a careful evaluation or judgment of the history of the church in Nigeria.
2. History: History is the study of past events, particularly how they relate to humans. It involves the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events.
3. Church: In a broad sense, a church is a Christian place of worship. However, it can also refer to the collective body of Christians, or a particular Christian organization with its own clergy, buildings, and distinctive doctrines.
4. Effect: An effect is a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause. In this context, it refers to the impact or influence that the church in Nigeria has had on conflicts between religious practices and society.
5. Conflicts: Conflicts refer to serious disagreements or arguments, typically ones that last for a long period of time. They can occur between individuals, groups, or larger entities such as nations or religions.
6. Religious Practices: These are the beliefs, rituals, ethical guidelines, and social structures associated with a particular religion. They can vary widely between different religions and even between different sects within the same religion.
7. Society: Society refers to a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. It is a more complex term that can refer to a group of people, the rules they follow, and the relationships they have with each other.

Project – An appraisal of the history of the church in Nigeria, and its effect on the conflicts between religious practices and its society.