CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background Of the Study

The concept of tithing, which is the practice of giving 10% of one’s income to the church, has been a significant aspect of Christian religious practice, particularly in Nigeria. Several studies have been conducted to understand the acceptance, perception, and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria. A study by Adebayo and Iwe (2015) found that the majority of Christians in Nigeria accept tithing as a religious obligation, and it is deeply ingrained in their religious practices.

However, the perception of tithing varies among different Christian denominations in Nigeria. According to a study by Ogbu (2017), while some denominations view tithing as a mandatory religious practice, others perceive it as a voluntary act of faith. This difference in perception can be attributed to the varying interpretations of biblical texts related to tithing.

The attitude towards tithing in Nigeria is also influenced by socio-economic factors. A study by Okon and Ukpong (2018) found that Christians with higher income levels are more likely to tithe than those with lower income levels. This could be due to the fact that tithing is often perceived as a financial sacrifice, and those with higher incomes may feel more capable of making such a sacrifice.

Furthermore, the role of church leaders in shaping the attitude of Christians towards tithing cannot be overlooked. A study by Eze (2019) found that church leaders who emphasize the spiritual benefits of tithing tend to have congregations with more positive attitudes towards tithing. This suggests that the way tithing is presented and taught in churches can significantly influence the attitude of Christians towards this practice.

David F. Burg (2004) proffers an understanding to the concept of tithe when he defined tithe as the payment of one-tenth of income as ones contribution to a religious place of worhip, clergy or churches or as a compulsory tax to government.

Currently, tithes are paid in cash, cheques, or stocks and regarded as voluntary as against the ancient times when tithes were paid in kind such as agricultural products. In some European countries, tithing are regarded as a formal process linked to the tax system which enable some churches to assess tithes. In the Traditional Jewish law tithe was practiced since ancient times. The Orthodox Jews commonly practice ma’aser kesafim which is the tithing of 10% of their income to charity. Also, in modern Israel, agricultural tithing is been practiced by the Jews, e.g., ma’aser rishon, terumat ma’aser, and ma’aser sheni. The Christian folds of recent times of many denominations hold the believe of tithing as it is mentioned by Jesus When he was confronted with the matter by the Jew. Jesus Christ apparently emphasized the need to practice the payment of tithe with a deep concern for the practice of justice, mercy and faithfulness” (cf. Matthew 23:23).

Stanley E. Porter; Cynthia Long Westfall (January 2011). Tithing was taught and practiced by the early Christian church councils, which included the Council of Tours in 567, and the Synod of Macon in 585. Currently, Tithing constitutes a significant teaching and belief in many Christian denominations. The subject of tithe is specifically mentioned in the Books of Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. During this period the tithe system was organized in a three-year cycle, corresponding to the Shemittah-cycle. For the children of Israel payment of tithe were regarded as mandatory and not optional giving. This is because these tithes were used to support the Levites and assist the poor.

Despite the general acceptance of tithing among Christians in Nigeria, there are still some challenges. A study by Adeyemi (2020) found that some Christians in Nigeria express skepticism towards tithing due to concerns about the transparency and accountability of churches in managing tithes. This highlights the need for churches to ensure transparency and accountability in their financial practices to maintain the trust and confidence of their members.

The acceptance, perception, and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria are influenced by a variety of factors, including religious beliefs, socio-economic status, and the role of church leaders. Further research is needed to explore these factors in more detail and to understand how they interact to shape the attitudes of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria.

Consequently, the research is a study in to the acceptance, perception, and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria a case study of selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state.

 1.2 Statement of The Problem

The subject of tithing has generated great contention in recent time among Christians to whom the injunction of tithing was given. To the people of ancient times who received this injunction as a result of the mighty works which God wrought among them accepted it with gratitude. But the development which has taken place in the succeeding years among Christians seems to bring a divide to the perception, attitude and acceptance of tithing. While it is accepted in some denomination, it is criticized by many others as means of exploiting the Christian fold. The problem confronting the research is a study in to the acceptance, perception, and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria a case study of selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state.

1.3 Objective of The Study

The Main Objective of the study is a study in to the acceptance, perception, and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria. A case study of selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state; The specific objectives include

1. To determine the level of acceptance of tithing among Christians in Nigeria.
2. To determine the perception and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria.
3. To determine the level of acceptance of tithing among selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state.
4. To determine the perception and attitude of Christians towards tithing among selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the level of acceptance of tithing among Christians in Nigeria?
2. What is the perception and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria?
3. What is the level of acceptance of tithing among selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state?
4. What is the perception and attitude of Christians towards tithing among selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state?

1.5 Statement of The Hypothesis

The statement of the hypothesis for the study is stated in Null as follows

HO    The level of acceptance of tithing among selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state is low.

Ho   The perception and attitude of Christians towards tithing among selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state is negative.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The significance of studying the acceptance, perception, and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria is multi-faceted. Firstly, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the religious, cultural, and socio-economic factors that influence tithing practices among Nigerian Christians. This is crucial because Nigeria, being the most populous country in Africa, has a significant Christian population whose religious practices, including tithing, have a substantial impact on the socio-economic landscape of the country.

The research is a study into the acceptance, perception, and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria. A case study of selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos state. It provides relevant data for the effective formulation and implementation of policies to enhance the realization of envisaged objective.

Secondly, this study can shed light on the theological perspectives of Nigerian Christians regarding tithing. It can help to understand how different denominations interpret biblical teachings on tithing and how these interpretations influence their attitudes and practices. This is important because religious beliefs and practices are not static; they evolve over time and are influenced by various factors, including theological interpretations.

Thirdly, the study can provide insights into the economic implications of tithing in Nigeria. Tithing, being a significant source of income for churches, plays a crucial role in the financial sustainability of many religious institutions. Understanding the attitudes and perceptions of Christians towards tithing can help these institutions develop strategies to encourage tithing and ensure their financial stability.

Fourthly, the study can contribute to the broader discourse on religion and development. By examining the role of tithing in the socio-economic life of Nigerian Christians, the study can provide empirical evidence to inform debates on the role of religion in development. This is particularly relevant in the context of Nigeria, where religion plays a significant role in people’s lives and has a profound impact on the country’s development trajectory.

Fifthly, the study can help to identify potential areas of conflict or tension related to tithing practices. For instance, it can reveal if there are disparities in tithing practices among different socio-economic groups, or if there are perceptions of misuse of tithes by church leaders. Such insights can inform interventions to address these issues and promote harmony within the Christian community.

Lastly, the study can serve as a reference for future research on similar topics. By providing a detailed analysis of the acceptance, perception, and attitude of Christians towards tithing in Nigeria, the study can provide a solid foundation for future researchers to build upon. This can contribute to the accumulation of knowledge on this topic and facilitate more nuanced and informed discussions in the future.

1.8. Scope of the Study

Study into the acceptance, Perception and Attitude of Christians Towards Tithing in Nigeria. A Case Study of Selected Christians in Ikorodu, Lagos State.

1.8 Limitation of The Study

The study was confronted with logistics and geographical factors.

1.9 Definition Of Terms

Tithe Defined:

Tithe is the payment of one-tenth of income as one’s contribution to a religious place of worship, clergy or churches or as a compulsory tax to government.

Acceptance: In the context of this study, acceptance refers to the willingness of Christians in Nigeria to embrace the practice of tithing. It’s about how readily they incorporate this religious obligation into their lives. Acceptance can be influenced by various factors such as personal beliefs, societal norms, and religious teachings.

Perception: Perception is the way Christians in Nigeria understand or interpret tithing. It involves their individual viewpoints, which can be shaped by their personal experiences, religious teachings, or societal influences. Perception can vary greatly among individuals, even within the same religious group.

Attitude of Christians: This refers to the general behavior, feelings, and beliefs of Christians in Nigeria towards tithing. It’s about their overall disposition and approach to this practice. Attitude can be positive, negative, or neutral and is often a reflection of an individual’s acceptance and perception.

Tithing: Tithing is a religious practice, common in many Christian denominations, where believers are encouraged to give a portion (traditionally one-tenth) of their income to the church. This practice is often seen as a way of showing gratitude to God for His blessings and supporting the church’s mission and activities. In the context of Nigeria, tithing can have unique cultural and societal implications due to the country’s specific religious landscape.