Project – Assessment of knowledge attitude and challenges of older women about menopause syndrome in Iwo Local Government

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

Menopause syndrome refers to the physical, emotional, and psychological changes that women undergo as they transition from their reproductive years to a post-reproductive phase of life, typically between the ages of 45 and 55. During this period, women experience significant hormonal shifts, particularly a decrease in estrogen, which can lead to various symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness. While menopause is a natural biological process, the experiences and understanding of it can vary significantly across different populations. Older women, in particular, may face unique challenges related to menopause, such as the lack of awareness, negative attitudes towards the symptoms, and the underreporting of their experiences due to cultural or societal stigma. Thus, assessing their knowledge, attitudes, and challenges becomes crucial in improving their health outcomes.

A key area of research in understanding menopause among older women is their knowledge of the condition. Studies have shown that a substantial number of women have limited knowledge about menopause and its symptoms. For example, a study by Möller et al. (2017) found that many women entering menopause were unaware of the potential health risks associated with this transition, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and the possibility of early onset of menopause due to medical treatments like chemotherapy. Additionally, the lack of proper education and information on the management of menopause symptoms often leads women to rely on traditional beliefs or inadequate healthcare advice (Erem et al., 2018). Hence, there is a critical need for comprehensive educational interventions to enhance knowledge about menopause among older women.

In terms of attitude, the perception of menopause plays a significant role in how women navigate this life stage. Negative attitudes towards menopause, including the belief that it signifies aging and the loss of femininity, have been documented in several studies. For instance, an investigation by Kim et al. (2020) revealed that negative attitudes were strongly linked with women’s reluctance to seek medical help or engage in conversations about their symptoms. This cultural stigma can exacerbate feelings of isolation and discomfort, which in turn may contribute to untreated health concerns. Conversely, a positive attitude towards menopause, including the understanding that it marks a new phase of life with potential for growth and self-awareness, has been associated with better mental health outcomes and increased willingness to pursue treatment options (Rosenfield & McCullough, 2021). Therefore, fostering a positive attitude towards menopause is vital for enhancing women’s quality of life during this transition.

The challenges faced by older women during menopause are multidimensional, spanning from physical symptoms like hot flashes and sleep disturbances to psychological difficulties, including depression and anxiety. In a study by Shah et al. (2020), it was highlighted that while physical symptoms are commonly discussed, the psychological impact of menopause is often underappreciated, particularly in older women. These women may experience a lack of social support, as menopause-related symptoms are often perceived as a “private” issue not to be shared openly. Moreover, healthcare systems may fail to address these psychological aspects adequately, focusing more on treating physical symptoms with hormonal therapies or over-the-counter products. This gap in care provision can lead to a diminished quality of life and increase the burden of mental health conditions during menopause.

An additional challenge is the cultural and societal barriers that older women may face in dealing with menopause. In many cultures, menopause is still a taboo subject, and older women may feel uncomfortable discussing their symptoms due to fear of being judged or stigmatized. A study by McKinley and Kelsey (2019) emphasized how these cultural taboos could limit access to health resources and negatively affect how women perceive menopause. In some societies, menopause is viewed as a symbol of aging, which may lead women to experience feelings of loss or inadequacy. As a result, the lack of open dialogue and supportive environments can hinder women from seeking help, exacerbating the challenges they face during this life stage.

Moreover, the healthcare system itself may present challenges for older women experiencing menopause. A study by Marjoribanks et al. (2017) found that healthcare professionals are often not adequately trained to provide age-appropriate care for menopausal women, particularly in older age groups. Women may encounter a lack of tailored interventions or support for managing menopause symptoms, leading to inadequate symptom control and reduced well-being. This problem is compounded by the fact that many older women may not prioritize their health or feel that their symptoms are not “serious enough” to warrant medical attention. Increasing the knowledge of healthcare providers and improving patient-provider communication about menopause can play a significant role in overcoming these barriers and ensuring that older women receive the care they deserve.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

Menopause is a natural phase in every woman’s life, marking the cessation of menstrual cycles and the end of reproductive capacity. However, for many women, this transition is accompanied by various physical, emotional, and psychological challenges that can significantly impact their quality of life. In particular, older women—those typically in the post-menopausal years—may experience heightened difficulties due to the cumulative effects of aging, reduced social support, and potential neglect of their health concerns. Despite the widespread nature of menopause, there remains a significant gap in understanding the specific knowledge, attitudes, and challenges that older women face in relation to menopause syndrome. This knowledge gap hinders the development of effective health interventions tailored to their needs.

A critical issue lies in the lack of comprehensive knowledge among older women about menopause and its symptoms. Many women enter menopause without adequate understanding of the hormonal changes that occur and the potential health risks that accompany this life stage, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health concerns like depression and anxiety. This lack of awareness is compounded by insufficient education about how to manage common symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, and sleep disturbances. While some women may seek information through healthcare providers, many report insufficient counseling or support regarding menopause from their doctors, leaving them to rely on anecdotal information or unverified sources. The absence of reliable and accessible education contributes to inadequate symptom management and worsens the overall experience of menopause.

Another prominent challenge is the negative attitude that many women hold towards menopause. Cultural and societal stigmas surrounding menopause often lead to the perception of it as an undesirable, even shameful, phase of life. This negative framing can exacerbate emotional distress, leading to feelings of loss, diminished self-worth, or fear of aging. For older women, these societal attitudes may further isolate them from open discussions about their menopause experiences, thus preventing them from seeking help or engaging in meaningful conversations with peers or healthcare providers. This reluctance to acknowledge or accept menopause as a natural part of life contributes to both the psychological and social burden that older women endure during this transition.

Furthermore, the challenges related to menopause are not solely physical but also psychological. Many older women experience heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues during and after menopause. These psychological challenges are often under-researched and under-treated, as the healthcare system tends to focus more on physical symptoms. Older women may also experience frustration and distress from not receiving appropriate mental health support or recognition of the psychological impact of menopause. This issue is compounded by a lack of awareness of the connection between menopause and mental health, both in healthcare settings and in society at large. The lack of comprehensive care that addresses both the physical and psychological symptoms of menopause leaves many women to struggle without the proper support.

Another overlooked aspect of the menopause experience is the cultural and societal context in which women live. In many cultures, menopause remains a taboo topic, with little discussion or openness about the symptoms and challenges women face. Older women may feel uncomfortable talking about menopause due to fear of judgment or a lack of understanding from their families or communities. This cultural silence often exacerbates the challenges of navigating menopause, as women may not feel comfortable seeking help or sharing their experiences. In societies where the aging process is stigmatized, menopause may be viewed as an indication of a loss of femininity or vitality, leading women to hide their struggles and suffer in silence.

The healthcare system itself presents additional challenges for older women experiencing menopause. Inadequate training and awareness among healthcare providers about the specific needs of older women undergoing menopause can result in suboptimal care. Older women may not be given individualized treatment plans that address both the physical and mental aspects of menopause. Furthermore, many older women may perceive menopause-related symptoms as a normal part of aging and thus avoid seeking medical help. This reluctance to engage with healthcare professionals can result in untreated symptoms and an overall decline in well-being. It is essential that the healthcare system takes into account the unique challenges faced by older women during menopause and provides them with the appropriate resources and support.

In summary, the problem lies in the insufficient understanding of the knowledge, attitudes, and challenges older women face regarding menopause. The lack of education, societal stigma, psychological burden, and inadequate healthcare services create a complex barrier that hinders older women from effectively managing menopause and achieving a good quality of life during this transition. There is a pressing need for targeted research, health education, and healthcare reforms that address the unique needs of older women during menopause. Without these efforts, the struggles faced by this population will remain under-recognized, affecting their overall health and well-being.

1.3. Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine Assessment of knowledge attitude and challenges of older women about menopause syndrome in Iwo Local Government. The specific objectives are:

1. To assess the level of knowledge older women have about menopause syndrome.
2. To understand the attitudes of older women towards menopause syndrome and its impact on their daily lives.
3. To identify the challenges faced by older women in managing menopause symptoms.
4. To explore the sources of information older women rely on for understanding menopause syndrome.

1.4. Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. What is the level of knowledge that older women have about menopause syndrome?
2. How do attitudes of older women towards menopause syndrome impact their daily lives?
3. What are the specific challenges faced by older women in managing menopause symptoms?
4. What sources of information do older women rely on for understanding menopause syndrome?

1.5. Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study is buttressed below:

Ho: Attitudes of older women towards menopause syndrome will not affect their daily lives.

H1: Attitudes of older women towards menopause syndrome will affect their daily lives.

1.6. Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to contribute valuable insights into the experiences of older women undergoing menopause and the various factors that influence their well-being during this life stage. Menopause is a natural, but often challenging, transition, and older women—those post-menopausal or in the later stages of menopause—may face distinct difficulties that are not always addressed in the broader context of women’s health. By focusing specifically on this population, this study can help fill a gap in the existing literature regarding how older women perceive and manage menopause. The findings could inform more targeted interventions and resources that cater to their unique needs, ultimately improving the quality of life for this demographic.

One of the primary reasons this study is significant is that it will provide a detailed understanding of the knowledge older women have about menopause, including their awareness of symptoms, potential health risks, and available treatment options. A clearer understanding of women’s knowledge gaps will allow healthcare providers, policymakers, and educators to develop more effective educational programs that address these deficiencies. Improving education about menopause and its management can help women feel more empowered in managing their symptoms, leading to better health outcomes and a more positive experience during this phase of life.

Additionally, the study will offer insights into the attitudes older women have toward menopause, particularly in relation to societal perceptions and cultural taboos. These attitudes significantly influence how women cope with menopause and whether they seek medical help or support from others. By identifying the negative attitudes that persist, such as viewing menopause as a sign of aging or a loss of femininity, this research will shed light on the need for cultural and societal shifts. Promoting positive attitudes towards menopause as a natural part of aging can encourage older women to embrace this phase with a more open and proactive mindset, improving mental health and self-esteem.

The psychological impact of menopause on older women is another critical area that this study seeks to address. While much research focuses on the physical symptoms of menopause, the emotional and psychological challenges—such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation—are often underexplored. Understanding these psychological effects is essential because mental health during menopause is often intertwined with physical health. If left unaddressed, the psychological burden of menopause can lead to long-term consequences, including increased risk of mental health disorders, diminished well-being, and a reduced quality of life. This study will bring much-needed attention to these aspects, leading to the development of integrated healthcare approaches that treat both the mental and physical challenges of menopause.

Furthermore, this study holds significant relevance for healthcare professionals. By evaluating the current state of healthcare services for older women during menopause, the study can identify gaps in care, training, and resources. Many healthcare providers may not be equipped with the specific knowledge needed to address the unique concerns of older women going through menopause, especially regarding non-physical symptoms such as psychological and emotional distress. This research will highlight the necessity of training healthcare providers to better support older women, ensuring that they receive comprehensive, compassionate care. The study could also inform policy changes aimed at improving access to menopause-related healthcare services and creating an inclusive healthcare environment for older women.

Finally, the findings from this study could lead to broader societal changes, especially in reducing the stigma surrounding menopause. In many cultures, menopause is still considered a taboo subject, which can prevent older women from discussing their symptoms or seeking help. By bringing attention to these issues and providing evidence-based data, this research could contribute to a shift in how menopause is perceived both by the women experiencing it and by society at large. Raising awareness and fostering open discussions about menopause can help normalize this natural life transition and encourage a more supportive environment for older women to navigate menopause with dignity and confidence.

This study is significant because it addresses the critical gaps in understanding the experiences of older women during menopause. It highlights the need for better education, a more positive societal attitude, integrated healthcare approaches, and open discussions about menopause. The results will be instrumental in shaping policies, healthcare practices, and societal attitudes that can improve the well-being of older women as they transition through this important stage of life.

1.7.  Scope of the Study

The study examines the assessment of knowledge attitude and challenges of older women about menopause syndrome in Iwo Local Government. The study is limited to older women attending General Hospital Iwo.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

Assessment: In the context of this study, assessment refers to the process of evaluating or measuring specific factors, such as the level of knowledge, attitudes, and challenges faced by older women regarding menopause syndrome. It involves gathering data and information to understand the current situation and identify areas that need improvement or attention.

Knowledge: Knowledge refers to the understanding, awareness, and information that older women possess about menopause syndrome. This includes their awareness of the biological processes of menopause, the symptoms associated with it, potential health risks (such as osteoporosis or cardiovascular diseases), and available treatment options for managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

Attitude: Attitude refers to the personal perceptions, beliefs, feelings, or opinions that older women hold about menopause syndrome. It encompasses how they view menopause—whether it is seen as a natural and manageable phase of life or as a negative and stigmatized experience. Attitudes can influence how women cope with menopause and whether they seek medical help or support.

Challenges: Challenges refer to the difficulties or obstacles that older women face during menopause. These can be physical, emotional, psychological, or social. Physical challenges include symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and sleep disturbances. Emotional and psychological challenges may involve feelings of anxiety, depression, or loss of identity. Social challenges may include cultural stigmas or lack of support systems.

Older Women: In the context of this study, “older women” generally refers to women who have reached or are in the post-menopausal stage, typically those aged 50 and above. These women have gone through menopause or are experiencing its later stages, and they may face unique issues related to aging and menopause.

Menopause Syndrome: Menopause syndrome refers to the collection of physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms and changes that women experience during the transition from the reproductive phase of life to the post-reproductive phase. These symptoms are associated with the reduction in estrogen levels, and they may include hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings, anxiety, and other health issues. The syndrome can vary in intensity and duration, affecting women differently.

Project – Assessment of knowledge attitude and challenges of older women about menopause syndrome in Iwo Local Government