Full Project – An evaluation of guidance and counseling services on the academic performance of biology students in selected secondary schools

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of the Study

Biology is an incredibly fascinating field of study, because it is so fundamental to our world. Biology plays a role in everyone’s lives and touches almost every aspect of our existence in some way. Biological Science Laboratory Apparatus is essential for meeting our basic needs of food, clothing, shelter, health, energy, clean air, water and soil. Biological Science Laboratory Apparatus enrich the quality of life in numerous ways by providing new solutions to problems in health and materials and energy usage. Biology as one of the major sciences is concerned with the composition, structure and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergo during chemical reactions in the human body.

The reason is that science can exert a dominant, if not decisive influence on the life of individuals as well as on the developmental effort of a nation. (Emoron, 1958) the universal recognition of the above submission is responsible for the prime position that has been accorded since and in particular, Biology worldwide. If biology is so important to the life of individuals and the nation, then the input into teaching and learning of Biology to enhance greater performance by the students should be of great concern but in the real sense reverse is the case. The Government policy that admission into the universities should be 60% of sciences and applied sciences and 40% arts and social sciences are often times not accomplished because there are not enough students opting for science related courses.

There are many factors influencing the performance of students in Biology, some of which are peer group influence, teacher’s methods of teaching, motivation, lack of availability of Human and material resources, etc. Over the years, the majority of students that sat for the May/ June West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and November/ December National Examination Council (NECO) have been recording mass failure, not only in the area of overall performance of the students, but also in Biology, where the high spate of failures have been a dominant feature of the students ‘performance in secondary schools in Fagge Local Government. Characteristically, statistics reeled out by the two examination bodies, the National Examination Council and the West African Examination Council, which is the particular focus of this study, each time the results of West African Examination Council (WAEC) and National Examination Council (NECO) examinations are released, they point to the fact that students drawn have not been performing up to the required standards despite the high investment which the government, both at the federal and state levels, as well as the parents have been making in the sector, though, some still pull their weight (Amadike; 2005).

Consequently, the out-cry on the persistent poor and unpromising performances of many senior secondary school students in Fagge Local Government of Kano State specifically, in the past years in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examinations (SSCE) conducted by West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) made educationists and the government policy makers and the researcher wonder whether the schools are measuring up to the expectations. However, several factors among the numerous problems confronting Senior Secondary Schools in Fagge Local Government will without doubt positively or negatively affect students’ performance in WAEC examinations. Some of these factors include:

1. The students are exposed to different studying environment, being less favorable.
2. Inadequacy of teachers required to cope with increasing number of students.

III. Lack of supervision by busy parents may give room for laxity of their wards.

1. Lack of material resources needed to teach the students.

1.2   Statement of the Problem

The study and mastery of Biology is a major objective of Nigeria education. The achievement of this objectives requires the concern of both the government and private owners of schools in collaboration with classroom teachers. There is a great need for proper provision of guidance and counseling in the Teaching of Biology also utilization of instructional materials in order to achieve the objective of the emphasis laid on the importance of biological science laboratory apparatus in the teaching of biology in senior secondary schools at all levels of our educational system.

Not much has been done to study G&C as a means to modify behavior of students towards academic achievement. This attribute has been seen in the academic performance of the students in the secondary Schools. This study is intended to fill the gap by providing knowledge and practice in the areas of subject selection for advancing university education, school discipline management for performance enabling environment and the personal, social and moral guidance for students in relation to academics.

1.3   Objective of the Study

1. To examine the problem of falling academic performance of students in biology.
2. To find out the relationship between guidance and counselling and academic performance of secondary school student in biology
3. To find out if the relationship teacher has with the students is necessary for intellectual growth and good academic performance of students in biology
4. To find out if proper student guidance has any positive or negative effects on the student’s academic performance in biology.
5. To determine the effect of peer guiding and counselling in relation academic performance.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What are the problem of falling academic performance of students in biology?
2. What are the relationship between guidance and counselling and academic performance of secondary school student in biology?
3. Is the relationship teacher has with the students necessary for intellectual growth and good academic performance in biology?
4. Does teacher guidance and counselling to his/her students have any positive or negative effects on the student’s academic performance in biology?
5. What are the effects of peer guiding and counselling in relation academic performance?

1.5   Significance of the Study

This study was based on the premise that it is important to understand the extent to which the programme is used in addressing challenges facing students in schools. Such a step will help in providing useful information that could be useful in redesigning sought information on the operation of the guidance and counselling programme, his/her professional qualifications, experience, support from the administration and teachers, students’ awareness about the programme, his/her attitude towards education/career counselling, and the challenges the programme is facing in the school.

This project seeks to examine the possibilities of improving a student’s performance through fostering a more sensitive guidance and counseling from his teacher. It seeks to find out whether the student’s mind and emotions affects his ability to concentrate on a particular subject to find out if our student’s failures have been largely because of lack of guidance and counseling on the part of the teacher and through these to come to a conclusion about how students persistent failures can be reduced in spite of the insufficiency of educational infrastructure.

1.6   Scope of the Study

This research work will only focus on guidance and counselling services and will be narrowed to secondary schools in Fagge local government area, Kano state). Hence, the delimitations of the studies is to evaluate, examine and assess the impact of guidance and counselling service to biology students in Fagge local government area Kano state.

1.7 Limitation of the Study

In every human endeavor, one is likely to face some problems. This research work is not an exception to this, some of the problem encountered include;

• The limit of time given for project work is small which makes it impossible to go round every look and cranny.
• Transportations cost for the field work is also a limitation since we are still students who are dependent for survivals.
• Another problem encountered is collection of data to use for this research since the time given was limited.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Evaluation: the making of a judgement about the amount, number, or value of something; assessment.

Guidance counseling: the process of helping individuals discover and develop their educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities and thereby to achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social usefulness

Academic performance:  is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals.

WAEC: West African Examinations Council

NECO: National Examination Council

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Full Project – An evaluation of guidance and counseling services on the academic performance of biology students in selected secondary schools