Full Project – Computer aided learning for separating solute from solvent by using evaporation method

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CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE   STUDY

1.1    INTRODUCTION

This project deals with the design and implementation of multimedia   application   for separating solute from solvent by using evaporation method. CAL is an abbreviation of Computer Aided Learning and is one of the commonly used acronym within education (Kizito & Bijan, 2006; Pal, 2006). CAL is where someone makes use of a special design software application in other to learn about a subject or practice a new set of skill. Computer Aided Learning is not only use in school but is also widely use in industries to teach employees about the things they need to know about. Multimedia refers to content that uses a combination of different content forms Jarret (1998). This contrasts with media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, or interactive content forms. According to Rush, E, McLenhan, S, Obolonkin, V, Cooper, R, & Hamlin, M.(2015a) said, Multimedia can be recorded and played, displayed, dynamic, interacted with or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance.

According to (John Schacter, 1999) Multimedia devices are electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is distinguished from mixed media in fine art; by including audio, for example, it has a broader scope. The term “rich media” is synonymous for interactive multimedia. Hypermedia scales up the amount of media content in multimedia application. In Education, multimedia is used to produce computer-based training courses (popularly called CBTs) and reference books like encyclopedia and almanacs. A CBT lets the user go through a series of presentations, text about a particular topic, and associated illustrations in various information formats. According to Abraham O.B, (1995) said Edutainment is the combination of education with entertainment, especially multimedia entertainment. Learning theory in the past decade has expanded dramatically because of the introduction of multimedia. Several lines of research have evolved (e.g. Cognitive load, Multimedia learning, and the list goes on). The possibilities for learning and instruction are nearly endless.

According to Alred, G. J, Brusaw, C. T, & Oliu, W.E.(2009)The idea of media convergence is also becoming a major factor in education, particularly higher education. Defined as separate technologies such as voice (and telephony features), data (and productivity applications) and video that now share resources and interact with each other, synergistically creating new efficiencies, media convergence is rapidly changing the curriculum in universities all over the world. Likewise, it is changing the availability, or lack thereof, of jobs requiring this savvy technological skill.

According to (Abraham O.B, 1995) The English education in middle school in China is well invested and assisted with various equipment. In contrast, the original objective has not been achieved at the desired effect. The government, schools, families, and students spend a lot of time working on improving scores, but hardly gain practical skills. English education today has gone into the vicious circle. Educators need to consider how to perfect the education system to improve students’ practical ability of English. Therefore, an efficient way should be used to make the class vivid. Multimedia teaching will bring students into a class where they can interact with the teacher and the subject. Multimedia teaching is more intuitive than old ways; teachers can simulate situations in real life. In many circumstances teachers do not have to be there, students will learn by themselves in the class. More importantly, teachers will have more approaches to stimulating students’ passion of learning.

Evaporation, in a technical sense, denotes the conversion of a liquid into a vapor for the purpose of separating it from another liquid of higher boiling point, or from a solid which is dissolved in it. In the great majority of cases, the liquid evaporated is water. If the liquid evaporated is to be recovered, the vapors are condensed, and the process then becomes one of Distillation. ‘There are four general methods of evaporation:

• Spontaneous evaporation in the open ail.
• Evaporation by application of heat directly from a fire to the vessel containing the liquid.
• Evaporation by indirect application of heat from the fire, as by means of steam, with or without pressure.
• Evaporation under reduced pressure.

The first method, by spontaneous evaporation in the open air, is comparatively slow, and requires exposure of very large surfaces of liquid. The time necessary depends upon the temperature and humidity of the air, and the completeness with which the vapors are removed from the surface of the liquid; hot, dry weather, especially if a brisk wind is blowing, evaporates water quite rapidly.
This process is only used for the manufacture of salt from sea
water, or from natural brines. In certain warm countries considerable quantities of salt are thus prepared, and in this country some is made from a brine found near Syracuse. Sometimes weak brines are allowed to trickle in fine streams over tall piles or “ricks” of brushwood in the open air. The liquid being so exposed in thin layers, to the air and wind, is concentrated to such a degree that it will pay to complete the evaporation by artificial heat.

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Separation techniques is one of the importance practical concept in chemistry at o’ level, where as in school this concept is been treatment as an abstract concepts due to the lack of proper understanding of the concept and inadequate lab equipment. This results in student not seeing the practical aspect of the content rather than to understand it. Which leads to the following challenges;

1. It is difficult to comprehend and learn the topic (i.e. method of separating solute from solvent) due to poor communication skills of teachers.
2. Students’ concentration during learning is usually low.
3. Students are discouraged in learning and mastering of the topic.
4. Poor practical knowledge affects their theoretical comprehension and this lead to poor performance in examination.
5. Inadequate teaching/learning facilities.
6. Students’ inability to retain/remember what had been taught.
7. Failure to attend the class is equal to failure in the course examination.

1.3    AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of this proposed is to design a computer aided learning that will separate solute from solvent using evaporation method. Objectives as follow:

Objectives:

1. To design software that will be user-friendly, easy to use and interactive in nature for separating solute from solvent using evaporation method.
2. To design computer software that will help in teaching practical on how solute are separated from the solvent by using evaporation method.
3. To improve the knowledge of computer in our society.
4. To encourage the use of CAI in addition to the conventional teaching method for separating solute from solvent using evaporation method.

1.4    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is hope that the result of this study will serve as tools for helping students to understand how solute are separated using evaporation method by using a computer aided learning. it will go a long way in aiding the teaching on how solute are separated from the solvent by using evaporation method.  It   will also help both the teachers and students in laboratory   field. Other benefits of the proposed system will include:-

• User friendly: describe a hardware device or software interface that is easy to use. It is “friendly” to the user, meaning it is not difficult to learn or understand. Common attributes found in user friendly interfaces.
• A user friendly interface is not overly complex, but instead is straightforward, providing quick access to common features.
• A good user interface is well organized, making it easy to locate different tools and options.
• In order to be user friendly, an interface must be good to the average user and should require minimal explanation for how to use it
• Simple learning process: is the process of acquiring new or modifying existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines, there is also evidence for some kind of learning in some plants.
• Promote students concentration during learning the techniques on how solute and solvent are separated using evaporation method.

1.5      SCOPE OF THE STUDY 

This project focuses on producing a Computer Aided Learning package for teaching how solute are separated from the solvent by using evaporation method.

1.6. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY.

This project work was faced with a number of restricting factors, which made the work impossible to get beyond this scope. The most pressing factors were:-

1. lack of finance
2. epileptic power supply

• inadequate supply of data

1. Inadequate time for the project work.

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Full Project – Computer aided learning for separating solute from solvent by using evaporation method