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Full Project – THE INFLUENCE OF FIELD WORK ON TEACHING AND LEARNING GEOGRAPHY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

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TITLE PAGE

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of Content

List of Tables

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Statement of the problem

1.3 Objective of the study

1.4 Research Questions

1.5 Research hypotheses

1.6 Significance of the study

1.7 Scope of the study

1.8 Limitation of the study

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Review of concepts

2.2 Review of related literature

2.3 Review of Empirical studies

2.4 Theoretical Framework

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Population of the study

3.3 Sample size determination

3.4 Sample size selection technique and procedure

3.5 Research Instrument and Administration

3.6 Method of data collection

3.7 Method of data analysis

3.8 Validity and Reliability of the study

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Data Presentation

4.2 Answering Research Questions

4.3 Test of Hypotheses

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion

5.2 Recommendation

References

Appendix

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to investigate a study into the influence of field work on academic performance of geography using Geography Department, Uniben as a case study. Specifically, the study examined influence of field work on the academic performance of geography students, the influence of field work in the understanding of geography as a subject and identify the limitations associated with field work in the field of geography. The study employed the survey descriptive research design. A total of 230 responses were validated from the survey. The study adopted the constructivist theory. From the responses obtained and analysed, the findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between field work and academic performance of geography students. This is as the Pearson correlation test showed a positive significant relationship (.832**) between field work and academic performance of geography students. The study recommend Extensive field trips should be organized by schools so as to expose the students to events outside the classroom.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Field work is the collection of information outside a laboratory, library or workplace setting (Wikipedia, 2016). The approaches and methods used in field work vary across disciplines. For example, biologists who conduct field work may simply observe animals interacting with their environments, whereas social scientists conducting field work may interview or observe people in their natural environments to learn their languages, folklore, and social structures. Geographers however carry out their field work on lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth
Field work involves a range of well-defined, although variable, methods: informal interviews, direct observation, participation in the life of the group, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis, results from activities undertaken off- or on-line, and life-histories (Glaser, 1995). Although the method generally is characterized as qualitative research, it may (and often does) include quantitative dimensions.

The quality of results obtained from field work depends on the data gathered in the field. The data in turn, depend upon the field worker, his or her level of involvement, and ability to see and visualize things that other individuals visiting the area of study may fail to notice. The more open researchers are to new ideas, concepts, and things which they may not have seen in their own culture, the better will be the absorption of those ideas. Better grasping of such material means better understanding of the forces operating in the area and the ways they modify the lives of the people under study (Abu, 1998).
When humans themselves are the subject of study, protocols must be devised to reduce the risk of observer bias and the acquisition of too theoretical or idealized explanations of the workings of a culture (Bourdieu, 1999). Participant observation, data collection, and survey research are examples of field work methods, in contrast to what is often called experimental or lab research.

Geography literally “earth description” is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth. Four historical traditions in geographical research are spatial analysis of the natural and the human phenomena (geography as the study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of the human-land relationship, and research in the Earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the Earth and all of its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been called “the world discipline” and “the bridge between the human and the physical science”. Geography is divided into two main branches: human geography and physical geography (Wikipedia, 2016). These branches of geography can properly be examined adequately through field study.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Field work has been proven to have given clear physical understanding to geography students as it lies at the heart of geographical research, and encompasses broad area surveys (including aerial surveys), more localized site surveys (including photographic, drawn, and geophysical surveys, and exercises such as field walking), and excavation. In the Earth and atmospheric sciences, field work refers to field experiments (such as the VORTEX projects) utilizing in situ instruments. Permanent observation networks are also maintained for other uses but are not necessarily considered field study, nor are permanent remote sensing installations. This study is examining the influence of field work on the academic performance of geography students.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the objectives of this study:
1. To examine the influence of field work on the academic performance of geography students.

To examine the influence of field work in the understanding of geography as a subject.
To identify the limitations associated with field work in the field of geography.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

What is the influence of field work on the academic performance of geography students?
What is the influence of field work in the understanding of geography as a subject?
What are the limitations associated with field work in the field of geography?

1.5 HYPOTHESIS

HO: there is no significant relationship between field work and academic performance of geography students

HA: there is significant relationship between field work and academic performance of geography students

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The following are the significance of this study:
1. The results from this study will educate the educators in the field of geography, the geography students and the general public on the effect of field work on the academic performance of geography students.
2. This research will be a contribution to the body of literature in the area of the effect of personality trait on student’s academic performance, thereby constituting the empirical literature for future research in the subject area.

1.7 SCOPE/LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study examines the influence of field work on teaching and learning geography in secondary school. This study will cover the issues of field work and its effect on the academic performance of students studying geography in the University of Benin.

LIMITATION OF STUDY

Financial constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

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