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AN EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSES AND IMPLICATION OF INTERNET FRAUD AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Internet fraud is a sort of cybercrime fraud or deceit that involves the use of the Internet and may entail the concealment of information or the provision of inaccurate information in order to defraud victims of money, property, or inheritance. Internet fraud is not viewed as a unique, independent crime, but rather as a collection of illegal and criminal behaviors carried out in cyberspace (Ofoegbu, 2007). It differs from theft in that the victim freely and intentionally transfers the information, money, or property to the perpetrator. It is also distinguished by the fact that it involves offenders who are separated in time and space. Victims have a lost over a billion naira to this fraud.

The underlying reasons of cybercrime are not implausible. It simply takes a brief glance around society to notice unlawful riches acquisition and display (Okpala, 2020). This is compounded by the fact that the offenders are highly esteemed. The problem is exacerbated by significant teenage unemployment, the lack of enforced prohibitive regulations, and people’ and enterprises’ overall laissez faire attitude toward cyber security (Okeshola and Adeta 2013).

Evidence has also demonstrated that a considerable majority of these crimes are committed by young individuals. It is worth mentioning, however, that some of these assaults are also carried out within organizations. Many internet users are readily enticed by unfamiliar emails and website domains, becoming victims of malware and phishing.

Crime remains pervasive and forever strives to hide itself in the face of development. As measures and techniques for detecting crimes and criminals advance, criminals also look for means of hiding from these measures. Obano (2007:17) asserts that the internet currently serve as a hiding place for fraudsters who have simply migrated from the streets to an electronic platform. Okonigini (2002:25) defines computer crime as criminal activities, involving information technology infrastructure, including illegal access of computer data from or within a computer.

Similarly, Asokhia (2003:49) asserts that cyber crime, popularly called “YAHOO” is an off-shoot of advance fee fraud which became popular in the early 90s. Today, it has produced “YAHOO” as its first offspring with mostly young people (most especially the unemployed) as its practitioners. Different nations have adopted different strategies to contend with crimes depending on their nature and extent. Certainly, a nation with high incidence of crime cannot grow or develop. For Nigeria, a nation in the process of saving her face regarding cyber crimes, efforts are now being directed at the sources and channels through which cyber crimes are being perpetuated the most. [Chiemeke (2008:32)].

Okeshola and Adeta (2013) listed urbanization, high unemployment, the desire for riches, insufficiently prepared law enforcement authorities, and bad role models as some of the causes of prevalent cybercrime in Nigeria. In their study, Okafor (2011) investigated the links between unemployment, poverty, and insecurity in Nigeria. They discovered that unemployment promotes poverty and that there is a positive association between the latter and insecurity. Other reasons of cybercrime, according to them, are corruption, gullibility/greed, the growth of cyber cafés, and the internet’s vulnerability. However, the main causes of internet fraud among University students are: urbanization, quest for wealth, unemployment, corruption, bad role models, gullibilty, porosity of the internet, poverty etc.  Some of the implications of internet fraud are: poor academic performance, absence from school, increase in the rate of drop-outs etc.

1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

Despite multiple arrests and convictions for fraud, Nigerian teenagers continue to engage in it in large numbers both at home and abroad. The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) detained four undergraduates and three others on March 19, 2014, for their involvement in an Internet fraud (Ezea, 2017). They were apprehended at two separate places in Ibadan, Enugu State. They were apprehended at the Iyana AdeEnugu Branch of a first generation bank in Dugbe, Ibadan, while receiving scam money via Western Union.

Many nigerian families are pleased that their children are attending institutes of higher learning around the country, which is beneficial to them and, eventually, the country.

But few care about the company they keep or the company they retain. And the majority of these few don’t give a damn about how they get by or find out. These days, a big number of Nigerian dropouts, jobless youths, and students studying in the nation, particularly in the south, are emerging as a generation of scammers and Internet fraudsters, known and unknown to their parents (Anyanwu, 2011).

Unfortunately, this has encouraged many more people to join, since those who have’made it’ or ‘struck it’ through deception act as role models in a depressed economy and a culture of shrinking moral latitude, not minding, or rather, realizing the dark future their boom portends. This study will effectively look at what leads to this.

1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of the study is to examines

1. To find out how Nigerian students perceive internet fraud.
2. To assess the ways federal government can curb the continued spread of internet fraud among Nigerian students and the general public.
3. To ascertain the factors that tends to cause young people’s involvement in internet fraud in Nigeria.
4. To find out if the internet is used as a channel for the perpetration of criminal spamming activities.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. In what way do Nigerian students perceive internet fraud?
2. What are the ways Federal Government can curb the continued spread of internet fraud among Nigerian student and the general public?
3. Is the internet used as a channel for the perpetration of criminal spamming activities?
4. What are the factors that tend to cause people’s involvement in internet fraud in Nigeria?

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

H_0: internet is not used as a channel for the perpetration of criminal spamming activities.

H_1: internet is used as a channel for the perpetration of criminal spamming activities.

H_0: the Federal Government cannot curb the continued spread of internet fraud among Nigerian students and the general public.

H₂: the Federal Government can curb the continued spread of internet fraud among Nigerian students and the general public.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study, which is primarily aimed at explaining how internet fraud has impacted on the perception of students in the society, will provide an insight into the problems associated with internet fraud.

This report would be of great benefit for students, to expose them to the factors that tend to cause young people’s involvement in internet fraud in Nigeria.

It would be useful to the government and related stakeholders to enable them adequately understand factors responsible for and how to curb the continue spread of internet fraud among Nigerian students [and the general public].

The findings will be useful for researchers to further generate knowledge in the field.

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study will focus on an examination of the causes and implication of Internet Fraud among University students in Nigeria. It will also focus on the effects of internet fraud on the academic performance and social life of university students. This study will be using students of the Carista University, Ibadan as enrolled participants for this study.

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study will be limited to an examination of the causes and implication of Internet Fraud among University students in Nigeria. It will also be limited to the effects of internet fraud on the academic performance and social life of university students. This study will be limited to selected University in Nigeria and as such further results should be carried out before the results are used.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Examination: a detailed inspection or study

Causes: a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition.

Implications: the conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated

Crime: The display of illegal act characterized by decent, contentment or violation of trust of the students.

Student: It is when a young person is young especially the time before a child becomes an adult.

Internet fraud:  is the use of Internet services or software with Internet access to defraud victims or to otherwise take advantage of them

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Full Project – AN EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSES AND IMPLICATION OF INTERNET FRAUD AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN NIGERIA