Full Project – A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST MEN IN NIGERIA

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Of The Study

Domestic violence is a global issue that transcends cultural, geographical, and socio-economic boundaries. While the majority of domestic violence victims are women, men are not immune to this problem. In Nigeria, the impact of domestic violence on men is a topic that has been largely overlooked in research and discussions. This essay aims to shed light on this issue and its implications.

The impact of domestic violence on men in Nigeria is a serious issue that deserves more attention. It is crucial to challenge societal norms that discourage men from reporting abuse and seeking help. Furthermore, more research is needed to understand the full extent of this problem and develop effective strategies to address it. Only by acknowledging and addressing domestic violence against men can we hope to reduce its prevalence and impact. Gender-based violence has been the experience of women worldwide which has affected their relationship in the homes, communities, places of work and largely their productivity in their various places of assignments (amnesty international, 2005).

An increasing amount of research highlights the health burdens, intergenerational effects, and demographic consequences of such violence (United Nations, 2006). The World Health Organization defines such violence as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, or psychological harm or deprivation” (Krug et al, 2002).

Domestic violence, so defined, has many forms, including physical aggression or assault (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, slapping, throwing objects), or threats therefore; sexual abuse; emotional abuse; controlling or domineering; intimidation; stalking; passive/covert abuse otherwise known as neglect; and economic deprivation (Seimeinuk et al, 2021). Domestic violence is not limited to obvious physical violence. It can mean endangerment, criminal coercion, kidnapping, unlawful imprisonment, trespassing and harassment (National Network to End Domestic Violence 2011)

The US office and violence Against Women (OVM) defines domestic violence as a “pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner”. The definition adds that domestic violence “can happen to anyone regardless of race, age. Sexual orientation, religion, or gender”, and can take many forms including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional, economic and psychological abuse (Office of Violence against Women, 2007).

Men are crucial to the growth and development of any nation and the world at large. They constitute half of the world’s population and are homemakers, custodians of social cultural and fundamental values of the society and permanent change is often best achieved through them. Full community development is impossible without their understanding, cooperation and effect management.

In Nigeria, domestic violence is widely acknowledge to be of great concern, not just from a human rights perspective but also from an economic and health perspective.

A staggering 97.2% of them are not prepared to report to the Nigeria police. Only one state of the federation (Lagos been one of them) have passed laws against insidious crime, whilst several Bills against it languish in our male dominated National Assembly. Of the states that have passed it, the law is yet to be fully tested.

Domestic violence that occurs in private within the family, including rape, acid attack and sexual abuse affect the physical and psychological wellbeing of men; and as such, they seem to erode the position of men at home and in the society at large. Domestic violence against men therefore deserve to be researched upon so as to expose the existence of this discrimination against women and in the process provide possible solution to curb its prevalence.

1.2 Statement Of The Problem

Domestic violence is a pervasive issue that affects individuals across all demographics. However, the focus has predominantly been on women, with less attention given to men who are victims of domestic violence. In Nigeria, this problem is particularly acute due to cultural norms and societal expectations that often downplay the possibility of men being victims of such violence.

The societal perception of masculinity often creates a barrier for men to report instances of domestic violence, leading to underreporting and lack of accurate data. This lack of data further perpetuates the myth that men cannot be victims of domestic violence, creating a vicious cycle that is difficult to break.

Furthermore, the legal and support systems in place often do not adequately cater to male victims of domestic violence. The majority of shelters and support services are geared towards women, leaving men with fewer resources to escape abusive situations. This lack of support further exacerbates the problem and leaves many men feeling trapped and helpless.

There is a critical need to evaluate and address the issue of domestic violence against men in Nigeria. This involves challenging societal norms, improving data collection, and ensuring that support systems are inclusive and accessible to all victims of domestic violence, regardless of their gender.

1.3 Objectives Of The Study

The major aim and objectives of carrying out this study was to:

1. Examine respondent’s perception of domestic violence.
2. Identify the forms and the vulnerable group to face domestic violence.
3. Find out the causes of domestic violence.
4. Investigate the effect of domestic violence on men

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is your perception about domestic violence?
2. What are the forms and the vulnerable group to face domestic violence?
3. What are the causes of domestic violence?
4. To what extent will domestic violence affect men?

1.5 Research Hypothesis

To guide the investigation of the issue raised in the problem definition, it is hypothesized that:

1. H_o: Domestic violence has no significant effect on men

H₁:  Domestic violence has significant effect on men

1.6 Significance Of The Study

This study is crucial and timely especially as statistics showing the rate of domestic violence globally has been on a steady increase. Among other things,

This study was meant to be an eye opener to the fact that domestic violence is prevalent in Nigeria and it’s something that needed to be dealt with owing to its many negative impacts on victims of such violent.

Upon providing evidence of its existence, the study was also meant to suggest solutions to the phenomena called domestic violence

This study was also expected to add value to the existing body of knowledge for students, academicians and researchers who may appreciate the problem of domestic abuse in Nigerian society sand equally enhance the understanding of its consequences to the society

Finally, it was hoped that the study would enable policy makers appreciate the problem and come up with appropriate remedies to address the problems associated with domestic violence.

1.7 Scope Of The Study

The study examines a critical evaluation of domestic violence against men in Nigeria. Egor Local Government Area of Benin City, the capital of Edo state, Nigeria was used for the study mainly because of its heterogeneity in religious affiliation of male resident in the area.

1.7 Limitation Of The Study

As a developing country, Nigeria does not have a sophisticated database of empirical studies on domestic violent. More so, due to the fact that Nigeria do not

yet consider the issue of domestic violence a great crime as well as the differences in the definition of domestic violence, the major challenge to this study was finding research work that would help the researcher understand the problem broadly.

For this reason, the study utilized any resource that relates to the research problem such as scholarly works, newspaper articles and journals.

However, the study was restricted to Egor Local Government area of Benin City, therefore findings may not apply to the entire entity called Nigeria and the world in general.

Finally, the sample in this research study was disproportionately located in Egor Local Government, Benin City, and so the result may not be a solid representation of the whole state.

1.8 Definition Of Terms.

Domestic: domestic means  relating to the home, intimate, the household, household affairs, or the family

Violence: Violence is the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage, or destroy. Other definitions are also used, such as the World Health Organization’s definition of violence as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development, or deprivation.

Abuse:Abuse is the improper usage or treatment of a thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical, verbal, sexual, psychological maltreatment of a person by another.

Man/men: an adult male human being as opposed to a woman

Domestic Violence: Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation. Domestic violence is often used as a synonym for intimate partner violence, which is committed by one of the people in an intimate relationship against the other person

Battering: Beating refers to any abusive, violent, coercive, forceful, or threatening act or word inflicted by a member of the family or household on a victime in the society usually to establish power through fear and intimidation.

Cohabitation: Cohabitation is the state or condition of living together as husband and wife without been married

Socialization: From the perspective of society, socialization refers to the process of fitting new individuals into an organized way of life and an established cultural tradition.

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Full Project – A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST MEN IN NIGERIA