Full Project – CONSEQUENCES OF DEFORESTATION ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Click here to Get this Complete Project Chapter 1-5

ABSTRACT

This study was intended to evaluate the consequences of deforestation on rural household income. This study was guided by the following objectives; to find out the causes of deforestation in Odighi in Edo state, to examine the consequences of in rural household income, to determine the strategies of reducing deforestation.

The study employed the descriptive and explanatory design; questionnaires in addition to library research were applied in order to collect data. Primary and secondary data sources were used and data was analyzed using simple percentages which was presented in frequency tables and percentage. The respondents under the study were 50 respondents including farmers, hunters and staff of agricultural and forestry department in Odighi Edo state, Abuja branch. The study majorly focuses on the consequences of deforestation on rural household income.

The study findings revealed that deforestation negatively affects rural household income in Odighi Edo state; based on the findings from the study, efforts should be made by the Nigerian government and stakeholders in promoting tree planting and preservation.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0.INTRODUCTION

Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.  Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of charcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, plantations of commodities and settlements. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Subsistence farming is responsible for 48% of deforestation; commercial agriculture is responsible for 32% of deforestation; logging is responsible for 14% of deforestation and fuel wood removals make up 5% of deforestation.

Other causes of contemporary deforestation may include corruption of government institutions, the inequitable distribution of wealth and power, population growth and overpopulation, and urbanization. Globalization is often viewed as another root cause of deforestation, though there are cases in which the impacts of globalization (new flows of labor, capital, commodities, and ideas) have promoted localized forest recovery.

Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. In deforested areas, the land heats up faster and reaches a higher temperature, leading to localized upward motions that enhance the formation of clouds and ultimately produce more rainfall.

The water cycle is also affected by deforestation. Trees extract groundwater through their roots and release it into the atmosphere. When part of a forest is removed, the trees no longer transpire this water, resulting in a much drier climate. Deforestation reduces the content of water in the soil and groundwater as well as atmospheric moisture. The dry soil leads to lower water intake for the trees to extract. Deforestation reduces soil cohesion, so that erosion, flooding and landslides ensue.

1.1.         BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Forests cover almost a third of the earth’s land surface providing many environmental benefits including a major role in the hydrologic cycle, soil conservation, prevention of climate change and preservation of biodiversity (Sheram, 1993). Forest resources can provide long-term national economic benefits. For example, at least 145 countries of the world are currently involved in wood production (Anon., 1994). Sufficient evidence is available that the whole world is facing an environmental crisis on account of heavy deforestation. For years remorseless destruction of forests has been going on and we have not been able to comprehend the dimension until recently. Nobody knows exactly how much of the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed and continue to be razed each year. Data is often imprecise and subject to differing interpretations. However, it is obvious that the area of tropical rainforest is diminishing as observed in the case of Odighi forest in Odighi Local government area of Edo State and the rate of tropical rain forest destruction is escalating worldwide, despite increased environmental activism and awareness. Deforestation is the conversion of forest to an alternative permanent non-forested land use such as agriculture, grazing or urban development (van Kooten et al, 2000).

Deforestation is primarily a concern for the developing countries of the tropics (Myers, 1994) as it is shrinking areas of the tropical forests (Barraclough et al, 2000) causing loss of biodiversity and enhancing the greenhouse effect (Angelsen et al., 1999). FAO considers a plantation of trees established primarily for timber production to be forest and therefore does not classify natural forest conversion to plantation as deforestation (but still records it as a loss of natural forests). However, FAO does not consider tree plantations that provide non-timber products to be forest although they do classify rubber plantations as forest.

Forest degradation occurs when the ecosystem functions of the forest are degraded but where the area remains forested rather cleared (Anon., 2010).

Thirty per cent of the earth’s land area or about 3.9 billion hectares is covered by forests. It was estimated that the original forest cover was approximately six billion hectares (Bryant etal., 1997). The Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, the United States of America and China were the most forest rich countries accounting to 53 per cent of the total forest area of the globe. Another 64 countries having a combined population of two billions was reported to have forest on less than ten per cent of their total land area and unfortunately ten of these countries have no forest at all. Among these countries 16 are such which had relatively substantial forest areas of more 1than one million hectares each and three of these countries namely Chad, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Mongolia each had more than ten million hectares of forest. The forest area remained fairly stable in North and Central America while it expanded in Europe during the past decade. Asian continent especially in India and China due to their large scale afforestation programme in the last decade registered a net gain in forest area. Conversely the South America, Africa and Oceania had registered the net annual loss of forest area (Anon., 2010).

1.2.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

There is enough evidence that the whole world is facing an environmental crisis on account of heavy deforestation. For several years, there has been remorseless of destruction which must be put under control to avoid some bad consequences associated with deforestation. Nobody knows exactly how much of the world’s rainforests have already been destroyed and continue to be razed each year. Data is often imprecise and subject to differing interpretations. However, this research work will focus on the consequences of deforestation on the rural house hold income especially as observed in Odighi in Edo State.

1.3.AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to determine the causes and consequences of deforestation in Odighi and the following objectives are stated for this research study:

1.     To find out the causes of deforestation in Odighi Edo State

2.     To find out the consequences of deforestation on rural house hold income in Odighi Edo State.

3.     To determine the strategies for reducing deforestation.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.     What are the causes of deforestation in Odighi Edo State?

2.     What are the consequences of deforestation on rural household income in Odighi Edo State

3.     What are the strategies for reducing deforestation?

1.4.         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this research are:

1.     To provide solutions which can assist educators, general public and the government on the causes and consequences of deforestation thereby raising an awareness about unwanted outcomes of deforestation.

2.     Findings from this research work will also ascertain the extent of deforestation in Odighi Edo State

This research work will help to improve the existing literatures on deforestation thereby contributing to the body of knowledge.

Get the Complete Project

This is a premium project material and the complete research project plus questionnaires and references can be gotten at an affordable rate of N3,000 for Nigerian clients and $8 for International clients.

Click here to Get this Complete Project Chapter 1-5

You can also check other Research Project here:

1. Accounting Research Project
2. Adult Education
3. Agricultural Science
4. Banking & Finance
5. Biblical Theology & CRS
6. Biblical Theology and CRS
7. Biology Education
8. Business Administration
9. Computer Engineering Project
10. Computer Science 2
11. Criminology Research Project
12. Early Childhood Education
13. Economic Education
14. Education Research Project
15. Educational Administration and Planning Research Project
16. English
17. English Education
18. Entrepreneurship
19. Environmental Sciences Research Project
20. Guidance and Counselling Research Project
21. History Education
22. Human Kinetics and Health Education
23. Management
24. Maritime and Transportation
25. Marketing
26. Marketing Research Project 2
27. Mass Communication
28. Mathematics Education
29. Medical Biochemistry Project
30. Organizational Behaviour
31. Other Projects
32. Political Science
33. Psychology
34. Public Administration
35. Public Health Research Project
36. More Research Project
37. Transportation Management
38. Nursing

Education

Need a Project Writer for a Different Topic

• MSC PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• MBA RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• Research Project Writing Services in Lagos Nigeria (Professional Writers) -Law, MSc, MBA,PhD, Dissertations, Thesis, Assignment, Speech
• Masters Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• MBA Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• LOOKING FOR A WRITING SERVICES FOR AN URGENT ASSIGNMENTS OR PROJECT WORK
• PROFESSIONAL WRITING SERVICES IN LAGOS NIGERIA (TERM PAPER, SPEECH WRITING, ASSIGNMENT, THESES, DISSERTATIONS, RESEARCH PROPOSAL, PROJECT WRITING SERVICES etc)
• BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• CONSULT A RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA (PH.D, MBA, MSC, M.ED, BSC)
• MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• Education Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Environmental Sciences Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Guidance and Counselling Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Human Kinetics and Health Education Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Early Childhood Education Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Christian Religious Studies(CRS) Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Educational Administration and Planning Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Political Science Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Accounting Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Economics Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Management Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Marketing Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Public Administration Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• MBA Research Project Analysts
• In Need of MBA Research Project Writer in Nigeria
• MBA Dissertation Research Project Writer
• MBA Project writer
• EDUCATION DEPARTMENT PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (BSC) DEGREE PROJECT WRITING SERVICES(B.ED,B.A,B.SC)
• MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA) RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSC) RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• POST GRADUATE RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD) RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• MASTER RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• MASTER DEGREE RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• MASTERS RESEARCH PROJECT WRITING SERVICES
• RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• EXPERT IN RESEARCH PROJECT/THESIS/DISSERTATION WRITING SERVICES IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• HIRE A PROFESSIONAL BSC/HND RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• HIRE A PROFESSIONAL MBA/MSC RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER
• HIRE A PROFESSIONAL THESIS WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• SC/M.SC/MBA/PGD RESEARCH PROJECT WRITER IN LAGOS NIGERIA
• Master Degree Research Project Specialist/Writer in Lagos, Nigeria
• Hire A Research Project Writer in Lagos Nigeria
• Research Project Specialist in Lagos, Nigeria

Full Project – CONSEQUENCES OF DEFORESTATION ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME