INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY OF PRINCIPALS IN YABA, LAGOS STATE

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Information and the technologies for its management have become critical factor of production, decision making, growth and development in all facets of life. Information technology has far-reaching implications in the realization of social functions of education. These functions deal with the transmission of culture, skills and preparation for working life, the care taking of youths and the promotion of peer-group relations (Bello, 2008).

Throughout the world, information and communications technologies (ICTs) are changing the face of education. From time immemorial, Information and communication technology has always played a prominent role in human life especially in the education sector (Aladejana, 2000). ICT is used in maintenance of student and staff records and for communication and document management (OECS 2001). Ashish and Arun (2005) have mentioned about the positive perception towards the use of ICT in education. It is mentioned in the study that students of different universities reported the usage of ICT for communication and for on-line discussion forums. ICT facilitated contact and information exchange and also promoted access to higher education. ICTs included systems for student admission and records, examination results and transcripts, finance database, human resources database, and management information.

For instance Huppert (2002) states that information technology is a concept that is having a remarkable effect on almost entire aspects of the human endeavours. This implies that it involves the application of principles to engage physical component in achieving an intended goal. The merging of computer and telecommunication after about four decades of applying computers to routine data processing, mainly in information storage and retrieval, has created a new development where information has become the engine of growth around the world. This development has created catch-up opportunities for developing countries such as Nigeria to attain desired levels of development without necessarily žreinventing the wheel of economic growth. This new technology has brought far-reaching revolution in societies, which has tremendously transformed the educational sector. Various literature reviews reveal that Information administration is one part of overall administration of education institutions which mainly covers general and day-to-day operational activities. Hence, it could be concluded that Information administration cycle includes four major components namely, Student administration, Staff administration, and General administration.

Today’s educational environment is very dynamic and experiences rapid changes as a result of creativity, innovation, technological changes, increased awareness and demands. Generally, information- and communication technologies (ICTs) are being introduced in an organization in order to increase operational efficiency, quality, and transparency (Betts, 2003).

ICTs are changing the nature of work and the workplace. The knowledge revolution, combined with economic globalization, has created conditions in which countries that have focused on knowledge-based industries have been able to reap significant rewards. Knowledge-based industries require an educated labour force of computer-literate individuals who themselves understand and can harness the power of ICT. In response to the demands for producing such a labour force, many countries have changed the objectives of their education system and have directed much of their attention to the development of ICT skills in schools (Onen, 2007).

Ubani in Njoku (2006) saw ICT in the context of education as the combination of technologies for collecting, storing, processing, communicating and delivery of information related to teaching and learning processes. He identified three categories of ICT to include processed information (that is, computer system), disseminated information (i.e. telecommunication systems), and represented information (that is, multimedia systems). In the same vein, Onuma (2007) saw ICT as a broad term that had to do with the harnessing of the process, the methods, and the products of electronic and communication-related technologies (and other related resources in today’s knowledge-driven society), for enhancing the productivity, spread and efficiency of a set of programmed activities geared towards the achievement of clearly determined goals.

Statement of the Problem

Innovative use of ICT in the administration process in most secondary schools in district IV seems not to be widespread. This appears to be made difficult by several constraints which include lack of funds to sustain ICT infrastructure, the inability of secondary school administrators to keep up with the pace of development in ICT, the lack of the staff with appropriate skills to manage ICT both at the strategic and operational levels, epileptic electricity supply or complete absence of it in schools, weak institutional policies to support and guide the use of ICT. ICT is laced with so many challenges which have raised a lot of concern among parents, students, and school administrators. They are buttressed below:

Ineffective Planning: According to Yerrick and Hoving (1999) observes that the introduction of ICT in the education system requires careful planning. ICT, like any powerful tool, can do as much harm as good.

Security Threat: the security threat in information and communication technology can affects administrative data base in secondary schools.

Expensive to maintain: The sustainability of ICT in the education system is also expensive. The capital cost of the equipment needed to begin the process is obvious. A little less obvious is the high level of recurrent costs associated with the effective use of ICT. An attempt must therefore be made to optimize the benefits of such large investments, and to develop cost effective maintenance procedures. The aforementioned ICT equipment can affect the effective administration of administrative efficiency and also slow down the flow of information in the educational sector.

 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study was to examine the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Administrative Efficiency of Principals in Yaba, Lagos State. The study seeks to examine the following objectives:

1. To show the positive impact of information and communication technology on the administrative efficiency.
2. To evaluate the contribution of information communication and technology in the education sector.
3. To identify the influence of information communication and technology (ICT) on teachers’ principals evaluation of performance in secondary school.
4. To illustrate the security threat in information and communication technology that affects administrative data base in secondary schools.

Research Questions

The study was guided by the following research questions.

1. How does information and communication technology (ICT) have any impact on administrative efficiency of school principals?
2. What are benefits of information communication and technology on administrative efficiency of school principals?
3. How can information communication and technology (ICT) influence effective teachers’ performance in secondary schools?
4. What are the threats in information and communication technology that affect administrative efficiency of principals in secondary schools?

 Hypotheses

1. H 1 Information communication technology has no significant impact on the Administrative Efficiency of school Principals

H_O.2    Does benefits of Information communication technology does have any effect on the administrative efficiency of principals

H_O.3    ICT has no significant influence on teachers effective performance in secondary schools.

H_O.4    ICT software threats have no significant impact on administrative efficiency of school principals.

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study lies in the hope that the findings may be of benefit to: Ministry of Education. The Ministry may use the study to understand the ICT factors affecting secondary school principals and as result focus more attention on management of staff and their stability or retention in a teaching profession.

The study helps principals to reduce the use of files which are archaic thereby reducing storage space. Using files could lead to loss of vital information about the staff or students through mutilation, easy and unauthorized access of files and misplacement of important documents. This can be prevented through storage of information in diskettes, hard disks and back-ups of important information.

Again, it will enable both public and private secondary school proprietors to be able to plan systematically for ICT usage in their institution. Other stakeholders of education (parents, students, teachers, support staff, donors, will use the study as a checkpoint to act as a safeguard against any future happenings of the same nature.

Furthermore, Ministry of Education will be able to properly recruit and retain teachers via ICT which in turn reduce the rate of ghost of workers in secondary schools. It will contribute to the existing body of knowledge and will stimulate other research in areas of ICT in secondary schools.

Scope of the Study

The work will examine the Influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Administrative Efficiency of Principals in Yaba, Lagos State. The study will be confined to ten selected Secondary Schools in District IV, Lagos State.

Definition of Terms

The definitions of terms for the study are buttressed below:

Information Communication and Technology (ICT): Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the automation of processes, controls, and information production using computers, telecommunications, software’s and other gadget that ensure smooth and efficient running of activities.

Influence: Influence is the action or process of producing effects on the actions, behavior, opinions, etc., of another or others.

Administrative Efficiency:  Administrative efficiency generally refers to behavior that is expected to maximize organizational success.

Computer: Is a data processing machine which can store and process data on the logic supplied by the user. The need for manual interference between data input and information output is eliminated.

Education: Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training or through research.

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