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Full Project – Design and implementation of electricity monitoring and management servicing system

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CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Innovations in technology have often lead to positive changes in manufacturing firms and in society at large. Seldom however have so many fundamental industrial and production issues been posed as rapidly as has been in the variable explosion of information technology, computers and communications. Electronic-power distribution, tracking and management system are fixing the square page in the square hole. Since the manual system is being weakened by a characteristically gloomy service structure and unaccountable power losses resulting in the overall poor production and financial standing in the Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC).

The Electronic-power distribution, tracking and management system is easy to use scheduling features allows control of power to device groups of set times. It provides powerful analytics such as active power level, energy consumption, customer costs, environmental reading, line capacities and carbon footprints in minutes. Also trending and cumulative total reports are available at any level including building, floor, room, racks, customer and IT device. This research project work supports the platforms that ensure the effective and efficient distribution of power generated by Enugu Electricity Distribution Company,(EEDC)Owerri. The necessity to providethe management with variable stronghold for making good decisions at any point in time is built and sustained. Untimely it well be unequivocally noted that efficient power management in the firm is achieved with less labor time.

1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Electricity development in Nigeria started towards the end of the 19th century with the first generating plant being installed in the city of Lagos in 1898, later electricity under takings were set up by the native and municipal authorities in the different part of the country. In 1950, in order to integrate power development in the country and make it effective, the Federal Government established a decree in 24 in ordinance of 1950, the ordinance brought under one umbrella all the electricity undertakings owned and controlled by the native and municipal authorities under the public work department. The electricity corporation of Nigeria (ECN) thus became the statutory body responsible for generation transmission, and distribution and sales of electricity to all electricity customers in Nigeria.

The Nigerian Dam Authority (NDA) was established by the act of parliament 1962; it was charged the responsibility of construction and maintenance of dams and other works on the river and elsewhere. Its functions also include generating electricity by means of water power, improving navigation and promoting fisheries and irrigations.By decree 24 of 24^th June 1972, the electricity cooperation of Nigeria (ECN) and Nigerian Dams Authority (NDA) were merged by the Federal Government to become the National Electricity Power Authority (NEPA). NEPA was empowered to maintain an efficient, coordinate and economic system of electricity supply to all the nooks and crannies of the country.Power generation in Nigeria started with a humble but sternly beginning with only Ijora, Delta, Egbin, Sapele, Afam thermal stations, Kenji, Jebba and Shirorohydro power stations with the generation capacity increasing from 20MW to over 6000MW in the year 2002. The electricity Reform Act of 2005, unbundled (PHCN) into II distribution companies, 1 transmission company and 6 generation companies. This Reform Act gave birth to Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC).

The Federal Government on 1^st November, 2013 handed over PHCN to EEDC, the inter-state electrics took over the management of Enugu Electricity Distribution Company, EEDC, with a promise to tackle the problems militating against power supply to the people of the SouthEast. Two certificate transferring the control of 18 business units that makes up the EEDC to the new investors were signed by the Chief Executive Officer of EEDC, Suleiman Yahaya and the Managing Director/CEO of Interstate Electrics Limited, Robert Dickerman. Outgoing Chief Executive Officer of EEDC, Suleiman Yahaya, said that the Enugu Distribution Company was made up of 18 business units covering Imo, Anambra, Enugu, Abia and Eboyi states and have resourceful workforce that if given the right infrastructure would grow into sustainable and profitable company.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The traditional or old existing system of power distribution, tracking and management of the power holding power has been obsolete, manual and completely unreliable. Thus, this has resulted to the unaccountable of power losses. Practically, the issue of accountable of power losses stems from approach and method of keeping tracks of the generated power distribution to sub-stations. However,this sluggish and outdated system has compounded the intricacies that are fundamental to the economic balance being experienced by the Enugu Electricity Distribution Company.

The existing system’s inefficiency has been instrumental to the ineffective and timeless decision of the management committee of the company. To be candid the poor management and handling of power distribution data and information have resulted to the inaccurate decision on the side of the executive managers. The existing systems have warred to the intolerable degree due to the epileptic timing of the data and also reduce its efficiency to nowhere.

The problems existing and to be solved by this research are as follows:

Power losses that could not be counted for.
Timeless decision by the management committee.
Epileptic timing of the data and decline in its efficiency.
Exorbitant bills

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This research project work is carried out in order to identify problems of manual and analogue meters, megawatt meters of manual and ammeters and also on installation of a more digital and computerized meters for a more accurate reading and transmission of data to the controlled system and computers as well as assessing it on internet other objectives includes:

To develop a system that’s should be accountable for the quantity of energy generated, transmitted, distributed and consumed at the federal. Sub-stations and resident end. It should also account for all polder losses within the zones.
To employ information technology (IT) potentials and equipment’s in the transmission and distribution statements for easy accessibility and control of power at any point and level. It also monitors how the management is able to implement the relevant hardware and software facilities necessary in implementing the new system as well as cost effectiveness of the venture and the reduction to minimum the power I²R losses.
This research project work will actualize and realize the implementation of a software solution to the current plight confronting the nation power board.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work on e-power tracking distribution and management system has a paramount importance on the effective and desirable results.

Firstly, it will bring about power coordination and control in the power distribution stem.

Secondly, it goes with a strong in “hi-tech” which is the thing via the contemporary organization.

Thirdly, it lays a formidable platform that necessitates the management in making effective and vital decision in real time.

Fourthly, the most deviating challenge faced by the personal in tracking the changes of data of power distribution in megawatt hour (MWH) can easily be managed.

Finally, there will be an update of information technology and also a high sense of skill acquisition and technology training just to mention but a few.

Users of the product realized from this study will find a very easy and user friendly software for power distribution tracking and this will in turn lead to effective and efficient decision by the management committee.

The significant of this study does not only affect the uses but also the future researchers in their further research. This study will serve as a strong base and also a yard sticks for measurement for further researchers.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research project work encapsulates the electronic power distribution and management operations carried out by Enugu Electricity Distribution Company of Nigeria, Owerri sub-station region 30KV transmission stations. Thus it illustrates the standard operating procedure for monitoring aid tracking the power distributed from sub-stations in hours, weekly and monthly intervals.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This project work covers the implications of the captured data of the existing system in making vital documents in the company in respect to the productivity of the organization.

The following constraints affected the researcher negatively from realizing his aims and expectation:

Time Constraints: The limited time for the researcher to search for related information that is deeply relevant to the topic was customized to suit the time question, not only that the researcher has other activities and engagements which also needed adequate attention thereby making it somehow impossible to devote all the time I have to this research work. This factor time posed a high level of trait to my research work carried out on power distribution, monitoring and management system.
Access to classified information: The apparent reluctance and the nonchalant attitude on part of the officials in certain units for classified information required by the researcher attributed threat to the success of the study.
Inability to determine the efficiency of the current feeders and energy meters as it involves current and power. Spark and explosions prevented some observation during the study due to safety purposes.
The inability of certain personnel to release certain information or documents as they believed it was endangering their jobs also affected the study.
Past research work was limited and the little found were expensive to purchase.
Transportation fare tro and fro also posed as a problem or a limitation process of the study

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

This section defines a number of terms which are used in this study, but may not be well known to the reader. They include the following

EEDC: Enugu Electricity Distribution Company is an organization governing the use of electricity in Nigerian.

MWH: A megawatt is the unit for measuring power that is equivalent to one million watts. A megawatt hour is equal to 1,000 kilowatt hour of electricity used continuously for one hour.

IT: Information Technology is a branch of engineering dealing with the use of computer and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data.

Electricity Distribution: Is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to end users.

(NDA)Nigerian Dam Authority

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