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Full Project – An effective and efficient method of video segmentation and summarization for surveilance security gadget in a networked environment

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CHAPTER One

1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

There are many different types of CCTV systems available—analogue and digital, wired and wireless and their modes of operation vary; however, the basic components are more or less the same: a camera, a lens, a monitor, and (for wired systems) cables that carry the signal from one place to another. Many systems also use video recorders to record the video footage.

The camera picks up the signal from the area being monitored via the lens (which determines how far and how much the camera can see, and which is often bought separately) and can be either wired or wireless. In a wired system, the camera sends the signals through a cable to the monitor; in wireless systems, no cable is needed, and the camera broadcasts the signal straight to the monitor.

The monitor can be either a simple television set (without tuning capacity) or a PC or laptop. Most wired analogue systems use television monitors, while digital and wireless systems tend to use computers as monitors for which remote viewing is possible, often via the internet. For recording purposes, the monitor is accompanied by a video recorder—a VCR for analogue systems, or a DVR (digital video recorder), or NVR (Network Video Recorder) for digital systems. A DVR can actually replace the monitor as the receiving device, since many DVRs are stand-alone units that do everything a computer would do: receive, record, and store the information for later viewing. CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) refers to a system of surveillance cameras that sends signals to a specific location—a monitor, or PC. CCTV systems are commonly used to monitor banks, shopping malls, and government facilities—and these days, as CCTV technology becomes more affordable and easier to use, more and more people are installing CCTV cameras in their homes and businesses.

Video surveillance systems are used at a very large scale everywhere be it small company or big company. But nowadays the problem faced by security systems is a huge amount of data generated, but meaningful part in that data is very insignificant as compared to the data which is stored during surveillance. So it is difficult for us to identify the meaningful part and it is also a time consuming process.

The observation in the surveillance system was that the most part of the video did not contain any significant movements. Therefore, it is expected to extract only that part of video which has some meaningful movements. This approach makes some to concentrate only on the important events and ignore the meaningless part. By following this method, I generate small segments of videos. Later on I merge these small segments into a single video which will be the summarized part for the whole video.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In today’s world, video surveillance has become an integral part of investigation systems in many fields.
Video surveillance plays an important role in digital media processing, computer vision and pattern recognition.
Over the last decades, the problem of segmenting and summarizing video data from a surveillance system has become a fundamental one.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The aim of the project was to design a video surveillance system to be used in Organizations to serve as a security measure, and assessment of the effectiveness of such a system as a means monitoring an area to ascertain its security.

The objectives are as follows:

To detect intruders around the perimeter of the main building and alert the security guards.
To provide a permanent record of activity from all cameras.
To provide a deterrent to crime and vandalism.
To enable 24 hour monitoring of designated areas.
To enable clear identification of miscreants within the range of the cameras.
To provide independent viewing of any camera at the control centre.
To enable live, real time recording of selected cameras.
To monitor persons entering and leaving the premises.
To provide visual confirmation of intruders activating an alarm.

1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to design and implement video surveillance software which is aimed at the useful application of computer to improve the problem stated. Hence the study tends to design and implement computer in an effective, keeping good records and adequate security measured of information stored.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study will help the record keepers in Organizations to identify the possible gaps that might be challenging or prove problematic in the management of their records. This study will help in attending to problems existing in management of Organizations record. This study has also made some recommendations on how the Organizations manage their records effectively.

1.6 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Video: make a video recording of (something broadcast on television).

Surveillance: is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or other changing information for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting people.

Video Surveillance: video surveillance system monitors the behavior, activities, or other changing information usually of people from a distance by means of electronic equipment

Organization: is an entity comprising of multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.

Record: is a collection of fields, possibly of different data types, typically in fixed number and sequence.

Network Video Recorder: Is a software program that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD memory card or other mass storage device.

Security: The state of being free from danger or threat, a thing deposited or pledged as a guarantee of the fulfillment of an undertaking.

Digital video recorder: Is an electronic device that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD memory card, SSD or other local or networked mass storage device.

CCTV: Is a system where signals are not publicly distributed but monitored for security purposes

Camera: Is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both.

Monitor: Is an output device which displays information in pictorial form. A monitor usually comprises the display device, circuitry, casing, and power supply.

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