Project – Attitude of Christian towards baptism in CAC Oke Ife DCC

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study

Baptism is a significant sacrament in Christian theology, often associated with the initiation into the Christian faith. Its significance is outlined in the New Testament, particularly in passages such as Matthew 28:19, where Jesus instructs his disciples to baptize “in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.” Historically, the attitude of Christians towards baptism has evolved, shaped by doctrinal interpretations, cultural contexts, and theological debates. The centrality of baptism to Christian practice is universal across denominations, though its meaning and mode of administration vary widely among different Christian traditions.

One of the earliest and most prominent theological perspectives on baptism comes from the writings of the Church Fathers. For instance, Augustine of Hippo emphasized the necessity of baptism for the remission of sins. His view, largely accepted by the Roman Catholic Church, suggests that baptism is essential for salvation and that the grace of God is transmitted through the sacrament. Augustine’s views led to the widespread practice of infant baptism, which was later reaffirmed by the Council of Carthage (418 CE). In contrast, during the Protestant Reformation, figures such as Martin Luther and John Calvin continued to uphold the sacrament of baptism but emphasized its symbolic nature rather than its necessity for salvation (Luther, 1529). This shift laid the foundation for diverse Christian attitudes towards baptism that would be observed in the centuries to follow.

The attitude towards baptism in the early church can also be understood through the lens of rituals and practices. Baptism was traditionally administered through full immersion in water, symbolizing the believer’s death, burial, and resurrection with Christ. Over time, this practice shifted due to various theological and practical considerations. By the fourth century, pouring water over the head of the baptized person began to be a more common practice. This change was influenced by the growth of Christianity within the Roman Empire, where immersion was less feasible due to the large numbers of converts and the physical conditions of baptisteries (Gonzalez, 1984). However, the attitude toward baptism remained deeply rooted in its association with the believer’s entry into the Christian community.

Denominational differences in the attitude toward baptism are most visible in the debate over the age of the baptized person. The Roman Catholic, Orthodox, and many Protestant traditions practice infant baptism, believing that the sacrament removes original sin and initiates the child into the Christian faith. Conversely, groups such as Baptists and certain Evangelical Protestants argue for believer’s baptism, contending that baptism should be reserved for those who consciously choose to follow Christ (Smith, 2004). These contrasting views reflect differing theological interpretations of the role of baptism in salvation and membership in the Christian community. The dispute often centers around the concept of grace: while infant baptism is seen as a means of imparting divine grace to the child, believer’s baptism underscores a conscious commitment to God as a condition for receiving the sacrament.

Furthermore, the changing cultural and social context has also influenced the Christian attitude toward baptism. In societies where Christianity is dominant, baptism is often viewed as a rite of passage or a cultural tradition, sometimes losing its theological depth. For example, in contemporary Western cultures, baptism may be more of a family tradition than a deeply theological act of faith. In contrast, in regions where Christianity is a minority faith, such as in parts of Asia and the Middle East, baptism is seen as a significant, life-changing decision, often accompanied by social and familial challenges. As a result, attitudes towards baptism may vary from a mere formality to a profound declaration of faith, depending on the individual’s context (Hunsberger, 1995).

In conclusion, the Christian attitude towards baptism has evolved significantly over the centuries, influenced by theological debates, cultural contexts, and denominational distinctions. From its early association with forgiveness and salvation to its contemporary role as an expression of faith, baptism remains a pivotal sacrament for Christians worldwide. However, its practice and understanding continue to be shaped by varying theological perspectives, with diverse groups interpreting its meaning and significance in ways that reflect both ancient traditions and modern realities.

• Statement of the Problem

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Baptism holds a foundational place in Christian practice, symbolizing spiritual rebirth and initiation into the Christian community. Within the Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) Oke Ife DCC, as in many Christian denominations, baptism is viewed as an essential sacrament. However, despite its prominence, there appears to be a divergence in attitudes towards the sacrament, particularly among the members of this church. While some hold strong to the traditional understanding of baptism as a vital part of salvation, others seem to treat it with less importance, possibly viewing it as a cultural or ceremonial practice rather than a spiritual necessity. This variance in attitudes can influence the frequency, nature, and understanding of baptism among the congregation, raising the need to explore these differences in more depth.

A key aspect of this problem is the lack of clarity and consistency in how baptism is perceived within the congregation. While some members may actively seek baptism as a spiritual commitment, others may approach it with indifference or confusion, potentially due to varying levels of religious education, understanding of doctrine, or personal experience. This inconsistency in attitudes can result in a reduced emphasis on the spiritual significance of baptism, undermining its role as a transformative experience for believers. The diversity in understanding may also lead to conflicts or misunderstandings regarding the expectations of baptism, especially when new members or converts come into the church seeking guidance.

Another contributing factor to this problem is the generational gap in attitudes towards baptism. Older members of the church may adhere to a more traditional view, emphasizing baptism as a sacrament that cleanses from sin and initiates one into the faith. On the other hand, younger members, particularly those who may have been born and raised in the church, might perceive baptism differently, viewing it more as a cultural norm or family tradition rather than a deeply personal spiritual decision. This generational divide could create tension, as differing attitudes toward baptism may lead to a lack of cohesion in the church’s overall approach to the sacrament and its role in the faith journey of individuals.

The influence of broader societal and cultural factors may also play a role in shaping the attitude of CAC Oke Ife DCC members toward baptism. In a rapidly changing society, the significance of religious practices can be diluted as individuals become more focused on the practical aspects of daily life. For example, baptism may be viewed by some as an outdated ritual or as something that is secondary to the more pressing concerns of modern life. Additionally, as many people in the congregation may come from diverse cultural backgrounds, the practice of baptism might be interpreted in various ways, potentially influenced by previous religious experiences or a lack of deep theological grounding in the teachings of the church.

The problem is also compounded by a possible lack of proper theological education on the significance of baptism within the church. Without a clear, consistent teaching on the theological underpinnings of baptism, church members may fail to fully appreciate its spiritual significance. Church leaders and pastors may need to invest in providing robust teaching on the nature of baptism, addressing questions such as its necessity, its connection to salvation, and its role in the believer’s spiritual growth. Failure to do so may result in members having a shallow understanding of baptism, diminishing the sacrament’s ability to foster genuine spiritual transformation and commitment.

Lastly, the varied attitudes towards baptism within CAC Oke Ife DCC may affect the church’s mission of evangelism and growth. If baptism is not viewed with the proper reverence or spiritual significance, it may diminish the church’s credibility in the eyes of potential converts who are seeking a meaningful faith community. In particular, those unfamiliar with the importance of baptism may not see the church as a place where true spiritual rebirth occurs. This creates a challenge for the church leadership, as they must address these differing attitudes and foster a unified, biblically grounded understanding of baptism that aligns with the spiritual and doctrinal values of the church.

The problem of inconsistent attitudes towards baptism in CAC Oke Ife DCC stems from a combination of factors, including generational differences, cultural influences, inadequate theological education, and a lack of clarity in teaching. Addressing this issue requires a thoughtful exploration of how baptism is perceived and practiced within the church and a concerted effort to provide clear, consistent instruction to ensure that all members understand its profound spiritual importance.

1.3. Aim and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is to examine the attitude of Christian towards baptism in CAC Oke Ife DCC. The specific objectives are:

1. To assess the understanding of baptism among Christians.
2. To examine the significance of baptism in the spiritual lives of Christians.
3. To identify any misconceptions or misunderstandings about baptism among Christians.
4. To explore the factors influencing attitudes towards baptism among Christians

1.4. Research Questions

The research questions are buttressed below:

1. What is the level of understanding of baptism among Christians?
2. How does baptism impact the spiritual lives of Christians?
3. What misconceptions or misunderstandings exist about baptism among Christians?
4. What factors influence attitudes towards baptism among Christians?

1.5. Research Hypothesis

The hypothetical statement of the study:

Ho: Baptism has no significant impact in the spiritual lives of Christians

H1: Baptism has significant impact in the spiritual lives of Christians

1.6. Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to offer a deeper understanding of how Christians in the Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) Oke Ife DCC perceive and approach the sacrament of baptism. Baptism is one of the most pivotal practices in Christian faith, and exploring the attitudes of church members toward this rite will shed light on the spiritual health and doctrinal alignment within the congregation. By understanding these attitudes, church leadership can assess whether the church’s teachings on baptism are being communicated effectively and whether the sacrament is being administered and received in a manner that reflects its true theological importance.

One of the key contributions of this study is that it will help identify any misconceptions or inconsistencies in the understanding of baptism within the church. Misunderstandings about the nature and purpose of baptism can result in a diluted practice that fails to align with biblical teachings and Christian tradition. By exploring the beliefs and practices surrounding baptism, this study could highlight areas where church members may need further clarification or theological education. It could lead to the development of more effective teaching programs to ensure that all members of the church understand the spiritual significance of baptism, thus strengthening the faith of individuals and the church as a whole.

This study will also have significant implications for church leadership and their approach to evangelism and membership growth. Baptism plays an essential role in the process of welcoming new converts into the Christian community. A lack of clarity or an indifferent attitude towards baptism may hinder the effectiveness of the church’s evangelistic efforts, especially among prospective members who may be seeking a faith that emphasizes spiritual transformation and a commitment to Christ. By addressing the diverse attitudes toward baptism, the study will provide church leaders with the insights needed to strengthen their outreach programs and make baptism a more central, impactful part of the church’s mission to spread the gospel.

Furthermore, the study holds importance in bridging generational divides within the church. As the attitudes toward baptism may differ significantly between younger and older church members, understanding these generational differences can help the church address the unique spiritual needs of both groups. It will enable church leaders to design programs that are tailored to different age groups, ensuring that baptism is presented as a meaningful and transformative experience for all members, regardless of their stage in life. By fostering a more unified understanding of baptism, the church can maintain its doctrinal integrity while also making the practice relevant to all members of the congregation.

The findings of this study will also contribute to the broader academic and theological discourse on baptism within African Pentecostal contexts. Many studies have focused on baptism in Western churches, but there is a lack of research specifically addressing African Pentecostal and Charismatic traditions, including those of the Christ Apostolic Church. This study can fill this gap by providing insights into how baptism is understood and practiced in Nigerian Pentecostal settings. This could lead to further research on how African Christian communities interpret and apply biblical sacraments in the context of their cultural and social environments, contributing to global discussions on the intersection of faith, culture, and doctrine.

Lastly, the significance of this study extends beyond the local church, as it can serve as a model for other Pentecostal congregations facing similar challenges. By examining the attitudes of CAC Oke Ife DCC members, the study could provide valuable insights for other churches in the region and beyond. Church leaders can use the findings to initiate discussions, promote theological education, and create strategies for deepening the spiritual engagement of their congregations with the sacraments. In this way, the study will contribute not only to the growth and health of CAC Oke Ife DCC but also to the wider Pentecostal church community’s understanding and practice of baptism as a vital element of Christian life.

This study on the attitudes of Christians towards baptism in CAC Oke Ife DCC is significant because it will provide a clearer understanding of how baptism is perceived, practiced, and lived out within the church. The insights gained will help address doctrinal and generational disparities, enhance church teachings, improve evangelistic outreach, and contribute to the broader understanding of baptism in African Pentecostal contexts. Ultimately, it will strengthen the faith of individual members, the unity of the church, and the impact of the sacrament in the broader mission of the church.

1.7. Scope of the Study

The study examines the attitude of Christian towards baptism in CAC Oke Ife DCC. The study is limited to the members of CAC Oke Ife DCC.

1.8. Operational Definition of Terms

1. Attitude: Attitude refers to a person’s settled way of thinking or feeling about something, typically reflected in their behavior. It encompasses beliefs, feelings, and predispositions towards specific ideas, practices, or phenomena. In the context of this study, attitude refers to the perspectives, feelings, and understanding of members of the Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) Oke Ife DCC towards baptism, whether they view it as a vital spiritual practice, a cultural ritual, or a mere tradition.
2. Christian: A Christian is an individual who follows the teachings of Jesus Christ and identifies with the Christian faith, which is based on the Bible. Christians believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ, His death and resurrection for the forgiveness of sins, and the promise of eternal life. The term also refers to a member of any Christian denomination, including Protestant, Catholic, Orthodox, and others. Within this context, Christians in CAC Oke Ife DCC are individuals who adhere to the principles of the Christ Apostolic Church and seek to live according to the teachings of Christ.
3. Baptism: Baptism is a Christian sacrament of initiation, purification, and adoption, which involves the use of water to symbolize the believer’s faith in Jesus Christ and their entry into the Christian community. It is typically associated with the forgiveness of sins and the reception of the Holy Spirit. Baptism is performed through various modes, including immersion, pouring, or sprinkling of water. In many Christian traditions, it is seen as a necessary step for salvation and spiritual rebirth. The exact theological meaning and method of baptism may vary among denominations, but it is generally regarded as a foundational rite of Christian faith.
4. CAC (Christ Apostolic Church): Christ Apostolic Church (CAC) is a Pentecostal Christian denomination that originated in Nigeria in 1918. It is part of the larger Apostolic movement, which emphasizes the apostolic teachings and the ministry of the Holy Spirit, including spiritual gifts like healing and prophecy. CAC is known for its vibrant worship services, emphasis on holiness, and a strong commitment to evangelism. The church’s doctrine is rooted in the Bible, and its teachings focus on salvation through faith in Jesus Christ, the importance of baptism, and the empowerment of believers by the Holy Spirit. CAC Oke Ife DCC refers to a specific district or congregation within the Christ Apostolic Church denomination, located in a particular region.

Project – Attitude of Christian towards baptism in CAC Oke Ife DCC